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1. Exploring STEM Identity and Belonging in Minoritized Girls at a Summer Camp

   Milton, Saki; Sager, Marc; Walkington, Candace (June 2024, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - ICLS 2024)

   Lindgren, R; Asino, T I; Kyza, E A; Looi, C K; Keifert, D T; Suárez, E (Ed.)

   This study explores STEM identity among Underrepresented and Underserved Racially and Ethnically Minoritized (UUREM) middle school girls within informal learning settings. Focusing on micro-level interactions, we explored a single-gendered STEM summer camp where UUREM middle school girls comprised 81% of the participants (N=59). Guided by ecological systems theory as a methodological approach to developing well-designed informal STEM activities, we sought to positively shape UUREM middle school girls’ STEM identity. STEM identity is complex, multi-layered, and inseparable from the intersectionality of their racial and gender identities. This approach is particularly salient in affective factors such as self-efficacy, ability-belief, and a sense of belonging during their pivotal middle school years. Critical implications include (a) single-gender spaces, like STEM camps, provide affirming, safe environments for authentic discussion and belonging in STEM, and (b) role models of similar racial and gender backgrounds support positive STEM identity formation for UUREM middle school girls. 

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2. Understanding Racially Minoritized Girls’ Perceptions of Their STEM Identities, Abilities, and Sense of Belonging in a Summer Camp

   https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13121183  

   Milton, Saki; Sager, Marc T; Walkington, Candace (December 2023, Education Sciences)

   Informal science education researchers have become increasingly interested in how out-of-school spaces that offer STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) programs inform learners’ STEM achievement, interests, and affective outcomes. Studies have found that these spaces can offer critical learning and developmental opportunities for underrepresented racially minoritized (URM) students (Black, Latinx, low socioeconomic status) in STEM subjects. Shifting away from the leaky STEM pipeline analogy, researchers have posited contemporary understandings to explain why the minoritization of URM girls persists. Informal learning environments such as STEM summer camps are being studied to assess how URM girls experience and interact with STEM in novel ways. These environments can inform the research field about how URM girls’ perceptions of their STEM identities, abilities, efficacy, and belonging in STEM develop as they engage in those spaces. This mixed-method study used a multiple-case-study approach to examine how aspects of URM middle school girls’ STEM identities positively changed after participating in a one-week, sleep-away, single-gender STEM summer camp held at a university in the Southwestern U.S. Drawing on intersectionality and STEM identity, we used ecological systems theory to design our research study, examining how URM middle school girls narrate their STEM identities in this informal learning environment. Using quantitative analyses and deductive coding methods, we explored how elements of girls’ STEM identities were shaped during and after their participation in the STEM summer camp. Findings from our study highlight (1) quantitative changes in girl participants’ STEM identities, sense of belonging in STEM, and perceived STEM ability belief, (2) qualitative results supporting our quantitative findings, and (3) how the intersectionality of participants’ race and gender played a role in their STEM identities. This study points to the potential of STEM informal learning camps as a way of developing and fostering URM girls’ STEM identities. 

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3. Designing STEM Learning Environments to Support Middle School Black Girls’ Computational Algorithmic Thinking: A Possibility Model for Disrupting STEM Neoliberal Projects

   Joseph, N.; Thomas, J. O (January 2020, International Conference of the Learning Sciences)

   Gresalfi, M.; Horn, I. (Ed.)

   This study reports findings from a longitudinal study aimed at supporting middle-school Black girls’ computational algorithmic thinking (CAT). We argue that STEM learning, in the way SCAT designs it, is not about neoliberal aims, but provides Black girls with opportunities to radically shape their identities as producers, innovators, and disruptors of deficit perspectives. Using Black Feminist Thought and Intersectionality as a theoretical lens, findings suggest Black girls participate in SCAT in order to find meaning in relevance and altruism, author their own creative imaginations, and create new narratives about themselves and other Black girls and women. Implications for K-12 are discussed. 

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4. STEM Summer Camp for Girls Positively Affects Self-Efficacy

   https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2023.85.8.432  

   Broder, E. Dale; Fetrow, Kirsten J.; Murphy, Shannon M.; Hoffman, Jennifer L.; Tinghitella, Robin M. (October 2023, The American Biology Teacher)

   Women and racially and ethnically minoritized populations are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Out-of-school time programs like summer camps can provide positive science experiences that may increase self-efficacy and awareness of STEM opportunities. Such programs often use the same high-impact practices used in K–12 classrooms including relating concepts to real-world examples, engaging students as active participants in inquiry-driven projects, and facilitating learning in a cooperative context. They additionally provide opportunities for engaging in STEM without fear of failure, offer a community of mentors, and allow families to become more involved. We designed a summer camp for middle schoolers who identified as girls, low-income, and as a minoritized race or ethnicity. We describe the design of the camp as well as the results from a simple pre- and post-camp questionnaire that examined each camper’s relationship to science, scientific self-efficacy, and interest in having a job in STEM. We found an increase in self-efficacy in camp participants, which is important because high scientific self-efficacy predicts student performance and persistence in STEM, especially for girls. We did not detect an increase in interest in pursuing a STEM job, likely because of already high values for this question on the pre-camp survey. We add to the growing body of work recognizing the potential of out-of-school time STEM programs to increase scientific self-efficacy for girls and racially minoritized students. Tweet: Summer camp for minoritized middle-school girls increases scientific self-efficacy, a characteristic that may be important for removing barriers to participation in STEM. 

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5. Exploring Leveraging Points to Increase High School Students’ Identification with STEM: Differences Across Race/Ethnicities

   Ta-yang, Hsieh; Kang, Hosun; Simpkins, Sandra D. (April 2021, 2021 AERA conference)

   null (Ed.)

   This study intends to identify leverage points to increase Latinx high school students’ identification with STEM careers. We used multi-group structural equation modeling to analyze science identity survey data (N=1295) focusing on differences across race/ethnicity. Although Latinx students on average reported lower science activities participation and perception of science than their White and Asian American peers, the indirect effects from participation in science activities at home, school, and out-of-school consistently held for all racial/ethnic groups. Our findings suggest: (a) the importance of increasing Latinx students’ participation in science activities at home, science classrooms, and out-of-school programs, and (b) the need to strategically design the activities, including school science curricula, in ways that increase Latinx students’ self-perception in and with science. 

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