More Like this

1. Open science, communal culture, and women’s participation in the movement to improve science

   https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921320117  

   Murphy, Mary C.; Mejia, Amanda F.; Mejia, Jorge; Yan, Xiaoran; Cheryan, Sapna; Dasgupta, Nilanjana; Destin, Mesmin; Fryberg, Stephanie A.; Garcia, Julie A.; Haines, Elizabeth L.; et al (September 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

   null (Ed.)

   Science is undergoing rapid change with the movement to improve science focused largely on reproducibility/replicability and open science practices. This moment of change—in which science turns inward to examine its methods and practices—provides an opportunity to address its historic lack of diversity and noninclusive culture. Through network modeling and semantic analysis, we provide an initial exploration of the structure, cultural frames, and women’s participation in the open science and reproducibility literatures ( n = 2,926 articles and conference proceedings). Network analyses suggest that the open science and reproducibility literatures are emerging relatively independently of each other, sharing few common papers or authors. We next examine whether the literatures differentially incorporate collaborative, prosocial ideals that are known to engage members of underrepresented groups more than independent, winner-takes-all approaches. We find that open science has a more connected, collaborative structure than does reproducibility. Semantic analyses of paper abstracts reveal that these literatures have adopted different cultural frames: open science includes more explicitly communal and prosocial language than does reproducibility. Finally, consistent with literature suggesting the diversity benefits of communal and prosocial purposes, we find that women publish more frequently in high-status author positions (first or last) within open science (vs. reproducibility). Furthermore, this finding is further patterned by team size and time. Women are more represented in larger teams within reproducibility, and women’s participation is increasing in open science over time and decreasing in reproducibility. We conclude with actionable suggestions for cultivating a more prosocial and diverse culture of science. 

   more » « less
2. Staying the Course: On the Value of Social Studies of Science in Resistance to the “Post-Truth” Movement

   https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/socf.12545  

   Fujimura, Joan H; Holmes, Christopher J. (August 2019, Sociological forum)

   Scientific knowledge has been under attack recently, especially during and from the Trump administration. This article discusses the value of research in social studies of science in relation to scientific practice and post‐truth attacks on science. This literature analyzes the expert work and social values that enter into the production of evidence, the development and testing of methods, and the construction of theoretical and epistemological frames for connecting evidence, methods, and methodologies. Although researchers in this area argue that there are politics in science, this article demonstrates that their analyses of the processes of adjudicating evidence and epistemologies contribute to science. In contrast, post‐truth attacks on scientific expertise exemplify a particular kind of politics aimed at supporting a particular group's political and economic interests. 

   more » « less
3. Subregular Tree Transductions, Movement, Copies, Traces, and the Ban on Improper Movement

   https://doi.org/10.7275/tk1n-q855  

   Graf, Thomas (January 2023, Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics)

   Extending prior work in Graf (2018, 2020, 2022c), I show that movement is tier-based strictly local (TSL) even if one analyzes it as a transformation, i.e. a tree transduction from derivation trees to output trees. I define input strictly local (ISL) tree-to-tree transductions with (lexical) TSL tests as a tier-based extension of ISL tree-to-tree transductions. TSL tests allow us to attach each mover to all its landing sites. In general, this class of transductions fails to attach each mover to its final landing site to the exclusion of all its intermediate landing sites, which is crucial for producing output trees with the correct string yield. The problem is avoided, though, if syntax enforces a variant of the Ban on Improper Movement. Subregular complexity thus provides a novel motivation for core restrictions on movement while also shedding new light on the choice between copies and traces in syntax. 

   more » « less
4. Editorial: Cognitive movement ecology

   https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1360427  

   Gurarie, Eliezer; Avgar, Tal (January 2024, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution)
5. Learning and Animal Movement

   https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.681704  

   Lewis, Mark A.; Fagan, William F.; Auger-Méthé, Marie; Frair, Jacqueline; Fryxell, John M.; Gros, Claudius; Gurarie, Eliezer; Healy, Susan D.; Merkle, Jerod A. (July 2021, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution)

   null (Ed.)

   Integrating diverse concepts from animal behavior, movement ecology, and machine learning, we develop an overview of the ecology of learning and animal movement. Learning-based movement is clearly relevant to ecological problems, but the subject is rooted firmly in psychology, including a distinct terminology. We contrast this psychological origin of learning with the task-oriented perspective on learning that has emerged from the field of machine learning. We review conceptual frameworks that characterize the role of learning in movement, discuss emerging trends, and summarize recent developments in the analysis of movement data. We also discuss the relative advantages of different modeling approaches for exploring the learning-movement interface. We explore in depth how individual and social modalities of learning can matter to the ecology of animal movement, and highlight how diverse kinds of field studies, ranging from translocation efforts to manipulative experiments, can provide critical insight into the learning process in animal movement. 

   more » « less