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1. B- and D-meson semileptonic decays with highly improved staggered quarks

   https://doi.org/10.22323/1.396.0109  

   Jay, William ; Lytle, Andrew ; DeTar, Carleton ; El-Khadra, Aida X ; Gamiz, Elvira ; Gelzer, Zechariah ; Gottlieb, Steven ; Kronfeld, Andreas ; Simone, Jim ; Vaquero, Alejandro ( May 2022 , The 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE2021))

   We present results for B(s)- and D(s)-meson semileptonic decays from ongoing calculations by the Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations. Our calculation employs the highly improved stag- gered quark (HISQ) action for both sea and valence quarks and includes several ensembles with physical-mass up, down, strange, and charm quarks and lattice spacings ranging from a ≈ 0.15 fm down to 0.06 fm. At most lattice spacings, an ensemble with physical-mass light quarks is included. The use of the highly improved action, combined with the MILC Collaboration’s gauge ensembles with lattice spacings down to a ≈ 0.042 fm, allows heavy valence quarks to be treated with the same discretization as the light and strange quarks. This unified treatment of the valence quarks allows (in some cases) for absolutely normalized currents, bypassing the need for perturbative matching, which has been a leading source of uncertainty in previous calculations of B-meson decay form factors by our collaboration. All preliminary form-factor results are blinded. 

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2. Semileptonic form factors for $$B\rightarrow D^*\ell \nu $$ at nonzero recoil from $$2+1$$-flavor lattice QCD: Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations

   https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10984-9  

   Bazavov, A. ; DeTar, C. E. ; Du, D. ; El-Khadra, A. X. ; Gámiz, E. ; Gelzer, Z. ; Gottlieb, S. ; Heller, U. M. ; Kronfeld, A. S. ; Laiho, J. ; et al ( December 2022 , The European Physical Journal C)

   We present the first unquenched lattice-QCD calculation of the form factors for the decay$$B\rightarrow D^*\ell \nu $$$B\to D^{\ast }\ell \nu$at nonzero recoil. Our analysis includes 15 MILC ensembles with$$N_f=2+1$$$N_f=2+1$flavors of asqtad sea quarks, with a strange quark mass close to its physical mass. The lattice spacings range from$$a\approx 0.15$$$a\approx 0.15$fm down to 0.045 fm, while the ratio between the light- and the strange-quark masses ranges from 0.05 to 0.4. The valencebandcquarks are treated using the Wilson-clover action with the Fermilab interpretation, whereas the light sector employs asqtad staggered fermions. We extrapolate our results to the physical point in the continuum limit using rooted staggered heavy-light meson chiral perturbation theory. Then we apply a model-independent parametrization to extend the form factors to the full kinematic range. With this parametrization we perform a joint lattice-QCD/experiment fit using several experimental datasets to determine the CKM matrix element$$|V_{cb}|$$$|V_{\mathrm{cb}}|$. We obtain$$\left| V_{cb}\right| = (38.40 \pm 0.68_{\text {th}} \pm 0.34_{\text {exp}} \pm 0.18_{\text {EM}})\times 10^{-3}$$$\left(V_{\mathrm{cb}}\right)=(38.40\pm 0.{68}_{\text{th}}\pm 0.{34}_{\text{exp}}\pm 0.{18}_{\text{EM}})\times {10}^{-3}$. The first error is theoretical, the second comes from experiment and the last one includes electromagnetic and electroweak uncertainties, with an overall$$\chi ^2\text {/dof} = 126/84$$${\chi }^2\text{/dof}=126/84$, which illustrates the tensions between the experimental data sets, and between theory and experiment. This result is in agreement with previous exclusive determinations, but the tension with the inclusive determination remains. Finally, we integrate the differential decay rate obtained solely from lattice data to predict$$R(D^*) = 0.265 \pm 0.013$$$R\left(D^{\ast }\right)=0.265\pm 0.013$, which confirms the current tension between theory and experiment.

    

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3. Charmed and ϕ meson decay constants from 2+1-flavor lattice QCD *

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/abcd8f  

   Chen, Ying ; Chiu, Wei-Feng ; Gong, Ming ; Liu, Zhaofeng ; Ma, Yunheng ( February 2021 , Chinese Physics C)

   On a lattice with 2+1-flavor dynamical domain-wall fermions at the physical pion mass, we calculate the decay constants of,, and. The lattice size is, which corresponds to a spatial extension offm, with a lattice spacing offm. For the valence light, strange, and charm quarks, we use overlap fermions at several mass points close to their physical values. Our results at the physical point areMeV,MeV,MeV,MeV, andMeV. The couplings ofandto the tensor current () can be derived from ratiosand, respectively, which are the first lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) results. We also obtain ratiosand, which reflect the size of heavy quark symmetry breaking in charmed mesons. Ratiosandcan be taken as a measure ofSU(3) flavor symmetry breaking.

    

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4. Nonperturbative effects on radiative energy loss of heavy quarks

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2020)168  

   Liu, Shuai Y.F. ; Rapp, Ralf ( August 2020 , Journal of High Energy Physics)

   null (Ed.)

   A bstract The radiative energy loss of fast partons traveling through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is commonly studied within perturbative QCD (pQCD). Nonperturbative (NP) effects, which are expected to become important near the critical temperature, have been much less investigated. Here, we utilize a recently developed T -matrix approach to incorporate NP effects for gluon emission off heavy quarks propagating through the QGP. We set up four cases that contain, starting from a Born diagram calculation with color- Coulomb interaction, an increasing level of NP components, by subsequently including (remnants of ) confining interactions, resummation in the heavy-light scattering amplitude, and off-shell spectral functions for both heavy and light partons. For each case we compute the power spectra of the emitted gluons, heavy-quark transport coefficients (drag and transverse-momentum broadening, $$ \hat{q} $$ q ̂ ), and the path-length dependent energy loss within a “QGP brick” at fixed temperature. Investigating the differences in these quantities between the four cases illustrates how NP mechanisms affect gluon radiation processes. While the baseline perturbative processes experience a strong suppression of soft radiation due to thermal masses of the emitted gluons, confining interactions, ladder resummations and broad spectral functions (re-)generate a large enhancement toward low momenta and low temperatures. For example, for a 10 GeV charm quark at 200 MeV temperature, they enhance the transport coefficients by up to a factor of 10, while the results smoothly converge to perturbative results at sufficiently hard scales. 

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5. Hydrodynamic description of D meson production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions *

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/abf645  

   Ding, Chi ; Ke, Wei-Yao ; Pang, Long-Gang ; Wang, Xin-Nian ( July 2021 , Chinese Physics C)

   Abstract The large values and constituent-quark-number scaling of the elliptic flow of low- D mesons imply that charm quarks, initially produced through hard processes, might be partially thermalized through strong interactions with quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. To quantify the degree of thermalization of low- charm quarks, we compare the meson spectra and elliptic flow from a hydrodynamic model to experimental data as well as transport model simulations. We use an effective charm chemical potential at the freeze-out temperature to account for the initial charm quark production from hard processes and assume that they are thermalized in the local comoving frame of the medium before freeze-out. mesons are sampled statistically from the freeze-out hyper-surface of the expanding QGP as described by the event-by-event (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model CLVisc. Both the hydrodynamic and transport models can describe the elliptic flow of mesons at GeV/ c as measured in Au+Au collisions at GeV. Though the experimental data on spectra are consistent with the hydrodynamic result at small GeV/ c , they deviate from the hydrodynamic model at high transverse momentum, GeV/ c . The diffusion and parton energy loss mechanisms in the transport model can describe the measured spectra reasonably well within the theoretical uncertainty. Our comparative study indicates that charm quarks only approach local thermal equilibrium at small , even though they acquire sizable elliptic flow comparable to light-quark hadrons at both small and intermediate . 

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