Botelho, Anthony; T_Rodrigo, Maria Mercedes; Singla, Adish; Ogata, Hiroaki; So, Hyojeong; Cho, Young Hoan
(Ed.)
Abstract: Student models in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) often rely on large-scale behavioral data (e.g., correctness, response time), which provides only indirect evidence of cognition. While multimodal data such as think-alouds or screen recordings can offer richer insight into students' cognitive states, such data is rarely available at scale, limiting the practicality of multimodal models. To address this, we leverage Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI) framework for cognitive state modeling in ITS. Our approach incorporates high-quality think-aloud data and written action descriptions from a subset of students at training time to inform model decision boundaries, while using only behavioral data at inference. This setup mimics real-world deployment where rich modalities are unavailable for most learners. We evaluate this method in modeling rule learning, an established framework for conceptual development during problem solving, and find improved predictive accuracy, particularly for nuanced cognitive states not well captured by behavioral logs alone.
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