skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: Active Authentication using an Autoencoder regularized CNN-based One-Class Classifier
Active authentication refers to the process in which users are unobtrusively monitored and authenticated continuously throughout their interactions with mobile devices. Generally, an active authentication problem is modelled as a one class classification problem due to the unavailability of data from the impostor users. Normally, the enrolled user is considered as the target class (genuine) and the unauthorized users are considered as unknown classes (impostor). We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based approach for one class classification in which a zero centered Gaussian noise and an autoencoder are used to model the pseudo-negative class and to regularize the network to learn meaningful feature representations for one class data, respectively. The overall network is trained using a combination of the cross-entropy and the reconstruction error losses. A key feature of the proposed approach is that any pre-trained CNN can be used as the base network for one class classification. Effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated using three publically available face-based active authentication datasets and it is shown that the proposed method achieves superior performance compared to the traditional one class classification methods. The source code is available at : github.com/otkupjnoz/oc-acnn.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1801435
PAR ID:
10109618
Author(s) / Creator(s):
;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2019)
Page Range / eLocation ID:
1 to 8
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. null (Ed.)
    Abstract: Deep Learning (DL) has made significant changes to a large number of research areas in recent decades. For example, several astonishing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been built by researchers to fulfill image classification needs using large-scale visual datasets successfully. Transfer Learning (TL) makes use of those pre-trained models to ease the feature learning process for other target domains that contain a smaller amount of training data. Currently, there are numerous ways to utilize features generated by transfer learning. Pre-trained CNN models prepare mid-/high-level features to work for different targeting problem domains. In this paper, a DL feature and model selection framework based on evolutionary programming is proposed to solve the challenges in visual data classification. It automates the process of discovering and obtaining the most representative features generated by the pre-trained DL models for different classification tasks. 
    more » « less
  2. The ubiquity of mobile devices nowadays necessitates securing the apps and user information stored therein. However, existing one-time entry-point authentication mechanisms and enhanced security mechanisms such as Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) are prone to a wide vector of attacks. Furthermore, MFA also introduces friction to the user experience. Therefore, what is needed is continuous authentication that once passing the entry-point authentication, will protect the mobile devices on a continuous basis by confirming the legitimate owner of the device and locking out detected impostor activities. Hence, more research is needed on the dynamic methods of mobile security such as behavioral biometrics-based continuous authentication, which is cost-effective and passive as the data utilized to authenticate users are logged from the phone's sensors. However, currently, there are not many mobile authentication datasets to perform benchmarking research. In this work, we share two novel mobile datasets (Clarkson University (CU) Mobile datasets I and II) consisting of multi-modality behavioral biometrics data from 49 and 39 users respectively (88 users in total). Each of our datasets consists of modalities such as swipes, keystrokes, acceleration, gyroscope, and pattern-tracing strokes. These modalities are collected when users are filling out a registration form in sitting both as genuine and impostor users. To exhibit the usefulness of the datasets, we have performed initial experiments on selected individual modalities from the datasets as well as the fusion of simultaneously available modalities. 
    more » « less
  3. In this paper, we present a novel terrain classifica- tion framework for large-scale remote sensing images. A well- performing multi-scale superpixel tessellation based segmentation approach is employed to generate homogeneous and irregularly shaped regions, and a transfer learning technique is sequentially deployed to derive representative deep features by utilizing suc- cessful pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models. This design is aimed to overcome the big problem of lacking available ground-truth data and to increase the generalization power of the multi-pixel descriptor. In the subsequent classification step, we train a fast and robust support vector machine (SVM) to assign the pixel-level labels. Its maximum-margin property can be easily combined with a graph Laplacian propagation approach. Moreover, we analyze the advantages of applying a feature selection technique to the deep CNN features which are extracted by transfer learning. In the experiments, we evaluate the whole framework based on different geographical types. Compared with other region-based classification methods, the results show that our framework can obtain state-of-the-art performance w.r.t. both classification accuracy and computational efficiency. 
    more » « less
  4. null (Ed.)
    User authentication is a critical process in both corporate and home environments due to the ever-growing security and privacy concerns. With the advancement of smart cities and home environments, the concept of user authentication is evolved with a broader implication by not only preventing unauthorized users from accessing confidential information but also providing the opportunities for customized services corresponding to a specific user. Traditional approaches of user authentication either require specialized device installation or inconvenient wearable sensor attachment. This article supports the extended concept of user authentication with a device-free approach by leveraging the prevalent WiFi signals made available by IoT devices, such as smart refrigerator, smart TV, and smart thermostat, and so on. The proposed system utilizes the WiFi signals to capture unique human physiological and behavioral characteristics inherited from their daily activities, including both walking and stationary ones. Particularly, we extract representative features from channel state information (CSI) measurements of WiFi signals, and develop a deep-learning-based user authentication scheme to accurately identify each individual user. To mitigate the signal distortion caused by surrounding people’s movements, our deep learning model exploits a CNN-based architecture that constructively combines features from multiple receiving antennas and derives more reliable feature abstractions. Furthermore, a transfer-learning-based mechanism is developed to reduce the training cost for new users and environments. Extensive experiments in various indoor environments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed authentication system. In particular, our system can achieve over 94% authentication accuracy with 11 subjects through different activities. 
    more » « less
  5. Abstract The reaction-diffusion system is naturally used in chemistry to represent substances reacting and diffusing over the spatial domain. Its solution illustrates the underlying process of a chemical reaction and displays diverse spatial patterns of the substances. Numerical methods like finite element method (FEM) are widely used to derive the approximate solution for the reaction-diffusion system. However, these methods require long computation time and huge computation resources when the system becomes complex. In this paper, we study the physics of a two-dimensional one-component reaction-diffusion system by using machine learning. An encoder-decoder based convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed and trained to directly predict the concentration distribution, bypassing the expensive FEM calculation process. Different simulation parameters, boundary conditions, geometry configurations and time are considered as the input features of the proposed learning model. In particular, the trained CNN model manages to learn the time-dependent behaviour of the reaction-diffusion system through the input time feature. Thus, the model is capable of providing concentration prediction at certain time directly with high test accuracy (mean relative error <3.04%) and 300 times faster than the traditional FEM. Our CNN-based learning model provides a rapid and accurate tool for predicting the concentration distribution of the reaction-diffusion system. 
    more » « less