Since the 2014 high-profile meta-analysis of undergraduate STEM courses, active learning has become a standard in higher education pedagogy. One way to provide active learning is through the flipped classroom. However, finding suitable pre-class learning activities to improve student preparation and the subsequent classroom environment, including student engagement, can present a challenge in the flipped modality. To address this challenge, adaptive learning lessons were developed for pre-class learning for a course in Numerical Methods. The lessons would then be used as part of a study to determine their cognitive and affective impacts. Before the study could be started, it involved constructing well-thought-out adaptive lessons. This paper discusses developing, refining, and revising the adaptive learning platform (ALP) lessons for pre-class learning in a Numerical Methods flipped course.
In a prior pilot study at a large public southeastern university, the first author had developed ALP lessons for the pre-class learning for four (Nonlinear Equations, Matrix Algebra, Regression, Integration) of the eight topics covered in a Numerical Methods course. In the current follow-on study, the first author and two other instructors who teach Numerical Methods, one from a large southwestern urban university and another from an HBCU, collaborated on developing the adaptive lessons for the whole course.
The work began in Fall 2020 by enumerating the various chapters and breaking each one into individual lessons. Each lesson would include five sections (introduction, learning objectives, video lectures, textbook content, assessment). The three instructors met semi-monthly to discuss the content that would form each lesson. The main discussion of the meetings centered on what a student would be expected to learn before coming to class, choosing appropriate content, agreeing on prerequisites, and choosing and making new assessment questions. Lessons were then created by the first author and his student team using a commercially available platform called RealizeIT. The content was tested by learning assistants and instructors. It is important to note that significant, if not all, parts of the content, such as videos and textbook material, were available through previously done work. The new adaptive lessons and the revised existing ones were completed in December 2020.
The adaptive lessons were tested for implementation in Spring 2021 at the first author's university and made 15% of the students' grade calculation. Questions asked by students during office hours, on the LMS discussion board, and via emails while doing the lessons were used to update content, clarify questions, and revise hints offered by the platform. For example, all videos in the ALP lessons were updated to HD quality based on student feedback. In addition, comments from the end-of-semester surveys conducted by an independent assessment analyst were collated to revise the adaptive lessons further. Examples include changing the textbook content format from an embedded PDF file to HTML to improve quality and meet web accessibility standards.
The paper walks the reader through the content of a typical lesson. It also shows the type of data collected by the adaptive learning platform via three examples of student interactions with a single lesson.
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Systematic Literature Review of Students’ Affective Responses to Active Learning: Overview of Results
This full “research” paper presents an overview of results of a systematic literature review of students' affective responses to active learning in undergraduate STEM courses. We considered 2,364 abstracts of conference papers and journal articles published since 1990, and 412 studies met our inclusion criteria. The studies span the STEM disciplines and report various types of active learning. Their research designs include primarily quantitative methods (especially instructor-designed surveys and course evaluations), and they find that students’ affective responses are overwhelmingly positive. Few studies excelled on our quality score metric, and there few statistically significant differences by discipline (but biology studies and chemistry studies scored significantly higher in quality than electrical engineering studies). We include several possible directions for future work.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1744407
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10120384
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1 to 7
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Since the 2014 high-profile meta-analysis of undergraduate STEM courses, active learning has become a standard in higher education pedagogy. One way to provide active learning is through the flipped classroom. However, finding suitable pre-class learning activities to improve student preparation and the subsequent classroom environment, including student engagement, can present a challenge in the flipped modality. To address this challenge, adaptive learning lessons were developed for pre-class learning for a course in Numerical Methods. The lessons would then be used as part of a study to determine their cognitive and affective impacts. Before the study could be started, it involved constructing well-thought-out adaptive lessons. This paper discusses developing, refining, and revising the adaptive learning platform (ALP) lessons for pre-class learning in a Numerical Methods flipped course. In a prior pilot study at a large public southeastern university, the first author had developed ALP lessons for the pre-class learning for four (Nonlinear Equations, Matrix Algebra, Regression, Integration) of the eight topics covered in a Numerical Methods course. In the current follow-on study, the first author and two other instructors who teach Numerical Methods, one from a large southwestern urban university and another from an HBCU, collaborated on developing the adaptive lessons for the whole course. The work began in Fall 2020 by enumerating the various chapters and breaking each one into individual lessons. Each lesson would include five sections (introduction, learning objectives, video lectures, textbook content, assessment). The three instructors met semi-monthly to discuss the content that would form each lesson. The main discussion of the meetings centered on what a student would be expected to learn before coming to class, choosing appropriate content, agreeing on prerequisites, and choosing and making new assessment questions. Lessons were then created by the first author and his student team using a commercially available platform called RealizeIT. The content was tested by learning assistants and instructors. It is important to note that significant, if not all, parts of the content, such as videos and textbook material, were available through previously done work. The new adaptive lessons and the revised existing ones were completed in December 2020. The adaptive lessons were tested for implementation in Spring 2021 at the first author's university and made 15% of the students' grade calculation. Questions asked by students during office hours, on the LMS discussion board, and via emails while doing the lessons were used to update content, clarify questions, and revise hints offered by the platform. For example, all videos in the ALP lessons were updated to HD quality based on student feedback. In addition, comments from the end-of-semester surveys conducted by an independent assessment analyst were collated to revise the adaptive lessons further. Examples include changing the textbook content format from an embedded PDF file to HTML to improve quality and meet web accessibility standards. The paper walks the reader through the content of a typical lesson. It also shows the type of data collected by the adaptive learning platform via three examples of student interactions with a single lesson.more » « less
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his work-in-progress paper expands on a collaboration between engineering education researchers and machine learning researchers to automate the analysis of written responses to conceptually challenging questions in statics and dynamics courses (Authors, 2022). Using the Concept Warehouse (Koretsky et al., 2014), written justifications of ConcepTests (CTs) were gathered from statics and dynamics courses in a diverse set of two- and four-year institutions. Written justifications for CTs have been used to support active learning pedagogies which makes them important to investigate how students put together their problem-solving narratives of understanding. However, despite the large benefit that analysis of student written responses may provide to instructors and researchers, manual review of responses is cumbersome, limits analysis, and can be prone to human bias. In efforts to improve the analysis of student written responses, machine learning has been used in various educational contexts to analyze short and long texts (Burstein et al., 2020; Burstein et al., 2021). Natural Language Processing (NLP) uses transformer-based machine learning models (Brown et al., 2020; Raffel et al., 2019) which can be used through fine-tuning or in-context learning methods. NLP can be used to train algorithms that can automate the coding of written responses. Only a few studies for educational applications have leveraged transformer-based machine learning models further prompting an investigation into its use in STEM education. However, work in NLP has been criticized for heightening the possibility to perpetuate and even amplify harmful stereotypes and implicit biases (Chang et al., 2019; Mayfield et al., 2019). In this study, we detail the aim to use NLP for linguistic justice. Using methods like text summary, topic modeling, and text classification, we identify key aspects of student narratives of understanding in written responses to mechanics and statics CTs. Through this process, we seek to use machine learning to identify different ways students talk about a problem and their understanding at any point in their narrative formation process. Thus, we hope to help reduce human bias in the classroom and through technology by giving instructors and researchers a diverse set of narratives that include insight into their students’ histories, identities, and understanding. These can then be used towards connecting technological knowledge to students’ everyday lives.more » « less
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2018.8659306
