skip to main content


Title: Not Limited to Iron: A Cobalt Heme–NO Model Facilitates N–N Coupling with External NO in the Presence of a Lewis Acid to Generate N 2 O
Abstract

Some bacterial heme proteins catalyze the coupling of two NO molecules to generate N2O. We previously reported that a heme Fe–NO model engages in this N−N bond‐forming reaction with NO. We now demonstrate that (OEP)CoII(NO) similarly reacts with 1 equiv of NO in the presence of the Lewis acids BX3(X=F, C6F5) to generate N2O. DFT calculations support retention of the CoIIoxidation state for the experimentally observed adduct (OEP)CoII(NO⋅BF3), the presumed hyponitrite intermediate (P.+)CoII(ONNO⋅BF3), and the porphyrin π‐radical cation by‐product of this reaction, and that the π‐radical cation formation likely occurs at the hyponitrite stage. In contrast, the Fe analogue undergoes a ferrous‐to‐ferric oxidation state conversion during this reaction. Our work shows that cobalt hemes are chemically competent to engage in the NO‐to‐N2O conversion reaction.

 
more » « less
Award ID(s):
1900181 1566509 1726630
NSF-PAR ID:
10122757
Author(s) / Creator(s):
 ;  ;  ;  ;  
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Volume:
58
Issue:
51
ISSN:
1433-7851
Page Range / eLocation ID:
p. 18598-18603
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Abstract

    Some bacterial heme proteins catalyze the coupling of two NO molecules to generate N2O. We previously reported that a heme Fe–NO model engages in this N−N bond‐forming reaction with NO. We now demonstrate that (OEP)CoII(NO) similarly reacts with 1 equiv of NO in the presence of the Lewis acids BX3(X=F, C6F5) to generate N2O. DFT calculations support retention of the CoIIoxidation state for the experimentally observed adduct (OEP)CoII(NO⋅BF3), the presumed hyponitrite intermediate (P.+)CoII(ONNO⋅BF3), and the porphyrin π‐radical cation by‐product of this reaction, and that the π‐radical cation formation likely occurs at the hyponitrite stage. In contrast, the Fe analogue undergoes a ferrous‐to‐ferric oxidation state conversion during this reaction. Our work shows that cobalt hemes are chemically competent to engage in the NO‐to‐N2O conversion reaction.

     
    more » « less
  2. Abstract

    The search for more effective and highly selective C–H bond oxidation of accessible hydrocarbons and biomolecules is a greatly attractive research mission. The elucidating of mechanism and controlling factors will, undoubtedly, help to broaden scope of these synthetic protocols, and enable discovery of more efficient, environmentally benign, and highly practical new C–H oxidation reactions. Here, we reveal the stepwise intramolecular SN2 nucleophilic substitution mechanism with the rate-limiting C–O bond formation step for the Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3)–H lactonization in aromatic 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid. We show that for this reaction, the direct C–O reductive elimination from both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) (oxidized by O2oxidant) intermediates is unfavorable. Critical factors controlling the outcome of this reaction are the presence of the η3-(π-benzylic)–Pd and K+–O(carboxylic) interactions. The controlling factors of the benzylic vs ortho site-selectivity of this reaction are the: (a) difference in the strains of the generated lactone rings; (b) difference in the strengths of the η3-(π-benzylic)–Pd and η2-(π-phenyl)–Pd interactions, and (c) more pronounced electrostatic interaction between the nucleophilic oxygen and K+cation in the ortho-C–H activation transition state. The presented data indicate the utmost importance of base, substrate, and ligand in the selective C(sp3)–H bond lactonization in the presence of C(sp2)–H.

     
    more » « less
  3. Abstract

    A new nonheme iron(II) complex, FeII(Me3TACN)((OSiPh2)2O) (1), is reported. Reaction of1with NO(g)gives a stable mononitrosyl complex Fe(NO)(Me3TACN)((OSiPh2)2O) (2), which was characterized by Mössbauer (δ=0.52 mm s−1, |ΔEQ|=0.80 mm s−1), EPR (S=3/2), resonance Raman (RR) and Fe K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopies. The data show that2is an {FeNO}7complex with anS=3/2 spin ground state. The RR spectrum (λexc=458 nm) of2combined with isotopic labeling (15N,18O) reveals ν(N‐O)=1680 cm−1, which is highly activated, and is a nearly identical match to that seen for the reactive mononitrosyl intermediate in the nonheme iron enzyme FDPnor (ν(NO)=1681 cm−1). Complex2reacts rapidly with H2O in THF to produce the N‐N coupled product N2O, providing the first example of a mononuclear nonheme iron complex that is capable of converting NO to N2O in the absence of an exogenous reductant.

     
    more » « less
  4. Abstract

    A new nonheme iron(II) complex, FeII(Me3TACN)((OSiPh2)2O) (1), is reported. Reaction of1with NO(g)gives a stable mononitrosyl complex Fe(NO)(Me3TACN)((OSiPh2)2O) (2), which was characterized by Mössbauer (δ=0.52 mm s−1, |ΔEQ|=0.80 mm s−1), EPR (S=3/2), resonance Raman (RR) and Fe K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopies. The data show that2is an {FeNO}7complex with anS=3/2 spin ground state. The RR spectrum (λexc=458 nm) of2combined with isotopic labeling (15N,18O) reveals ν(N‐O)=1680 cm−1, which is highly activated, and is a nearly identical match to that seen for the reactive mononitrosyl intermediate in the nonheme iron enzyme FDPnor (ν(NO)=1681 cm−1). Complex2reacts rapidly with H2O in THF to produce the N‐N coupled product N2O, providing the first example of a mononuclear nonheme iron complex that is capable of converting NO to N2O in the absence of an exogenous reductant.

     
    more » « less
  5. Abstract

    Non‐heme high‐spin (hs) {FeNO}8complexes have been proposed as important intermediates towards N2O formation in flavodiiron NO reductases (FNORs). Many hs‐{FeNO}8complexes disproportionate by forming dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs), but the mechanism of this reaction is not understood. While investigating this process, we isolated a new type of non‐heme iron nitrosyl complex that is stabilized by an unexpected spin‐state change. Upon reduction of the hs‐{FeNO}7complex, [Fe(TPA)(NO)(OTf)](OTf) (1), the N‐O stretching band vanishes, but no sign of DNIC or N2O formation is observed. Instead, the dimer, [Fe2(TPA)2(NO)2](OTf)2(2) could be isolated and structurally characterized. We propose that2is formed from dimerization of the hs‐{FeNO}8intermediate, followed by a spin state change of the iron centers to low‐spin (ls), and speculate that2models intermediates in hs‐{FeNO}8complexes that precede the disproportionation reaction.

     
    more » « less