Some bacterial heme proteins catalyze the coupling of two NO molecules to generate N2O. We previously reported that a heme Fe–NO model engages in this N−N bond‐forming reaction with NO. We now demonstrate that (OEP)CoII(NO) similarly reacts with 1 equiv of NO in the presence of the Lewis acids BX3(X=F, C6F5) to generate N2O. DFT calculations support retention of the CoIIoxidation state for the experimentally observed adduct (OEP)CoII(NO⋅BF3), the presumed hyponitrite intermediate (P.+)CoII(ONNO⋅BF3), and the porphyrin π‐radical cation by‐product of this reaction, and that the π‐radical cation formation likely occurs at the hyponitrite stage. In contrast, the Fe analogue undergoes a ferrous‐to‐ferric oxidation state conversion during this reaction. Our work shows that cobalt hemes are chemically competent to engage in the NO‐to‐N2O conversion reaction.
Some bacterial heme proteins catalyze the coupling of two NO molecules to generate N2O. We previously reported that a heme Fe–NO model engages in this N−N bond‐forming reaction with NO. We now demonstrate that (OEP)CoII(NO) similarly reacts with 1 equiv of NO in the presence of the Lewis acids BX3(X=F, C6F5) to generate N2O. DFT calculations support retention of the CoIIoxidation state for the experimentally observed adduct (OEP)CoII(NO⋅BF3), the presumed hyponitrite intermediate (P.+)CoII(ONNO⋅BF3), and the porphyrin π‐radical cation by‐product of this reaction, and that the π‐radical cation formation likely occurs at the hyponitrite stage. In contrast, the Fe analogue undergoes a ferrous‐to‐ferric oxidation state conversion during this reaction. Our work shows that cobalt hemes are chemically competent to engage in the NO‐to‐N2O conversion reaction.
more » « less- PAR ID:
- 10122757
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Volume:
- 58
- Issue:
- 51
- ISSN:
- 1433-7851
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 18598-18603
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract -
Abstract Some pathogens use heme‐containing nitric oxide reductases (NORs) to reduce NO to N2O as their defense mechanism to detoxify NO and reduce nitrosative stress. This reduction is also significant in the global N cycle. Our previous experimental work showed that Fe and Co porphyrin NO complexes can couple with external NO to form N2O when activated by the Lewis acid BF3. A key difference from conventional two‐electron enzymatic reaction is that one electron is sufficient. However, a complete understanding of the entire reaction pathways and the more favorable reactivity for Fe remains unknown. Here, we present a quantum chemical study to provide such information. Our results confirmed Fe's higher experimental reactivity, showing advantages in all steps of the reaction pathway: easier metal oxidation for NO reduction and N−O cleavage as well as a larger size to expedite the N/O coordination mode transition. The Co system, with a similar product energy as the enzyme, shows potential for further development in catalytic NO coupling. This work also offers the first evidence that this new one‐electron NO reduction is both kinetically competitive and thermodynamically more favorable than the native pathway, supporting future initiatives in optimizing NO reduction agents in biology, environment, and industry.
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Abstract Flavodiiron NO reductases (FNORs) are important enzymes in microbial pathogenesis, as they equip microbes with resistance to the human immune defense agent nitric oxide (NO). Despite many efforts, intermediates that would provide insight into how the non‐heme diiron active sites of FNORs reduce NO to N2O could not be identified. Computations predict that iron‐hyponitrite complexes are the key species, leading from NO to N2O. However, the coordination chemistry of non‐heme iron centers with hyponitrite is largely unknown. In this study, we report the reactivity of two non‐heme iron complexes with preformed hyponitrite. In the case of [Fe(TPA)(CH3CN)2](OTf)2, cleavage of hyponitrite and formation of an Fe2(NO)2diamond core is observed. With less Lewis‐acidic [Fe2(BMPA‐PhO)2(OTf)2] (
2 ), reaction with Na2N2O2in polar aprotic solvent leads to the formation of a red complex,3 . X‐ray crystallography shows that3 is a tetranuclear iron‐hyponitrite complex, [{Fe2(BMPA‐PhO)2}2(μ‐N2O2)](OTf)2, with a unique hyponitrite binding mode. This species provided the unique opportunity to us to study the interaction of hyponitrite with non‐heme iron centers and the reactivity of the bound hyponitrite ligand. Here, either protonation or oxidation of3 is found to induce N2O formation, supporting the hypothesis that hyponitrite is a viable intermediate in NO reduction. -
Abstract Non‐heme high‐spin (hs) {FeNO}8complexes have been proposed as important intermediates towards N2O formation in flavodiiron NO reductases (FNORs). Many hs‐{FeNO}8complexes disproportionate by forming dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs), but the mechanism of this reaction is not understood. While investigating this process, we isolated a new type of non‐heme iron nitrosyl complex that is stabilized by an unexpected spin‐state change. Upon reduction of the hs‐{FeNO}7complex, [Fe(TPA)(NO)(OTf)](OTf) (
1 ), the N‐O stretching band vanishes, but no sign of DNIC or N2O formation is observed. Instead, the dimer, [Fe2(TPA)2(NO)2](OTf)2(2 ) could be isolated and structurally characterized. We propose that2 is formed from dimerization of the hs‐{FeNO}8intermediate, followed by a spin state change of the iron centers to low‐spin (ls), and speculate that2 models intermediates in hs‐{FeNO}8complexes that precede the disproportionation reaction. -
Abstract Non‐heme high‐spin (hs) {FeNO}8complexes have been proposed as important intermediates towards N2O formation in flavodiiron NO reductases (FNORs). Many hs‐{FeNO}8complexes disproportionate by forming dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs), but the mechanism of this reaction is not understood. While investigating this process, we isolated a new type of non‐heme iron nitrosyl complex that is stabilized by an unexpected spin‐state change. Upon reduction of the hs‐{FeNO}7complex, [Fe(TPA)(NO)(OTf)](OTf) (
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