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   https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-frkc-z033  

   Macedo, Jorge; Bray, Jonathan; Moug, Diane; Bassal, Patrick; Arnold, Cody (January 2025, Designsafe-CI)

   This dataset comprises a subsurface characterization of key liquefaction areas in Golbasi, Türkiye, following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. Field testing was conducted from October 30th to November 10th, 2023. The dataset includes Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) as well as borehole sampling and incorporates pore pressure dissipation measurements and standard CPT readings. High-quality subsurface investigations, such as this dataset, are a key component of liquefaction case histories. As such, this data is vital for future analyses of liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations resulting from the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. 

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2. Subsurface Characterization of Iskenderun - 2024

   https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-6473-fs88  

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   This dataset comprises a subsurface characterization of key liquefaction areas in İskenderun, Türkiye, following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. Field testing was conducted from March 18 to March 27, 2024. The dataset includes Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) as well as seismic CPTs (SCPT) and incorporates pore pressure dissipation measurements, shear wave velocities, and standard CPT readings. High-quality subsurface investigations, such as this dataset, are a key component of liquefaction case histories. As such, this data is vital for future analyses of liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations resulting from the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. 

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3. Modeling Subsurface Hydrology in Floodplains

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4. Linking the Surface and Subsurface in River Deltas - Part 1: Relating Surface and Subsurface Geometries

   Hariharan, J.; Michael, H.A.; Paola, C.; Steel, E.; Passalacqua, P. (January 2021, Water resources research)
5. Linking the Surface and Subsurface in River Deltas—Part 1: Relating Surface and Subsurface Geometries

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029282  

   Hariharan, Jayaram; Xu, Zhongyuan; Michael, Holly A.; Paola, Chris; Steel, Elisabeth; Passalacqua, Paola (August 2021, Water Resources Research)

   Abstract River deltas are densely populated regions of the world with vulnerable groundwater reserves. Contamination of these groundwater aquifers via saline water intrusion and pollutant transport is a growing threat due to both anthropogenic and climate changes. The arrangement and composition of subsurface sediment is known to have a significant impact on aquifer contamination; however, developing accurate depictions of the subsurface is challenging. In this work, we explore the relationship between surface and subsurface properties and identify the metrics most sensitive to different forcing conditions. To do so, we simulate river delta evolution with the rule‐based numerical model, DeltaRCM, and test the influence of input sand fraction and steady sea level rise (SLR) on delta evolution. From the model outputs, we measure a variety of surface and subsurface metrics chosen based on their applicability to imagery and modeling results. The Kullback‐Leibler (KL) divergence is then used to quantitatively gauge which metrics are most indicative of the imposed forcings. Both qualitative observations and the KL divergence analysis suggest that estimates of subsurface connectivity can be constrained using surface information. In particular, more variable shoreline roughness values and higher surface wetted fraction values correspond to increased subsurface connectivity. These findings complement traditional methods of estimating subsurface structure in river‐dominated delta systems and represent a step toward the identification of a direct link between surface observations and subsurface form. 

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