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1. Hello Darkness, My Old Friend: A Tutorial of Nanda-Hamner Protocols

   https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730421998469  

   Teets, Nicholas M.; Meuti, Megan E. (June 2021, Journal of Biological Rhythms)

   null (Ed.)

   Plants and animals use circadian and photoperiodic timekeeping mechanisms to respond to daily and seasonal changes in light:dark and appropriately coordinate their development. Although the mechanisms that may connect the circadian and photoperiodic clock are still unclear in many species, researchers have been using Nanda-Hamner protocols for decades to elucidate how seasonal time is measured and determine whether seasonal responses have a circadian basis in a given species. In this brief tutorial we describe how to design and interpret the results of Nanda-Hamner experiments, and provide suggestions on how to use both Nanda-Hamner protocols and modern molecular experiments to better understand the mechanisms of seasonal timekeeping. 

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2. Addressing Interpersonal Harm in Online Gaming Communities: The Opportunities and Challenges for a Restorative Justice Approach

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3603625  

   Xiao, Sijia; Jhaver, Shagun; Salehi, Niloufar (September 2023, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction)

   Most social media platforms implement content moderation to address interpersonal harms such as harassment. Content moderation relies on offender-centered, punitive approaches, e.g., bans and content removal. We consider an alternative justice framework, restorative justice, which aids victims in healing, supports offenders in repairing the harm, and engages community members in addressing the harm collectively. To assess the utility of restorative justice in addressing online harm, we interviewed 23 users from Overwatch gaming communities, including moderators, victims, and offenders; such communities are particularly susceptible to harm, with nearly three quarters of all online game players suffering from some form of online abuse. We study how the communities currently handle harm cases through the lens of restorative justice and examine their attitudes toward implementing restorative justice processes. Our analysis reveals that cultural, technical, and resource-related obstacles hinder implementation of restorative justice within the existing punitive framework despite online community needs and existing structures to support it. We discuss how current content moderation systems can embed restorative justice goals and practices and overcome these challenges. 

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3. Learning from regulatory failure: How Ostrom’s restorative justice design principle helps naïve groups create wiser enforcement systems to overcome the tragedy of the commons

   https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307832  

   DeCaro, Daniel A; DeCaro, Marci S; Janssen, Marco A; Lee, Allen; Graci, Alanea; Flener, Devin (August 2024, PLOS ONE)

   Munteanu, Ionela (Ed.)

   Rule enforcement is critical in democratic, self-governing societies. Many political disputes occur when citizens do not understand the fundamental rationales for enforcement (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic). We examined how naïve groups learn and develop wise enforcement systems. Based on theories from behavioral economics, political science, psychology, and education, we predicted that groups need to experience failure of an enforcement system, but be guided on restorative justice principles to collectively learn from this failure. Undergraduate students (N= 288) from a Midwestern U.S. metropolitan university self-governed a simulated common-pool resource with real financial payoffs. Groups began with one of three conditions designed to create different experiences with enforcement and regulatory failure: (a) no enforcement (no communication or peer sanctioning), (b) lax enforcement (communication with peer-sanctioning), or (c) regulatory abuse (peer sanctioning without communication). Half then received facilitated guidance on restorative justice principles (e.g., discuss whether/why to use sanctions). To examine cooperation, we measured how well participants maintained the resource. To examine group learning, we created a novel coding system, which tracked groups’ constitutional decisions about conservation agreements and enforcement, conceptual understanding, and the enforcement systems they created. The no-enforcement and lax-enforcement conditions quickly yielded moderate cooperation via voluntary agreements. However, such agreements prevented groups from discovering how and why to use enforcement (peer sanctioning) to improve performance. Initial exposure to regulatory failure had different effects depending on facilitation. Unfacilitated groups fixated on initial misconceptions, causing them to abandon or create less sophisticated enforcement systems, hindering cooperation. Facilitated groups learned from prior failure—discovering principles of wise enforcement (e.g., collective efficiency, self-restraint)—and created more sophisticated enforcement systems (e.g., coordinated sanctions) that improved cooperation. Guidance on restorative justice principles and experience with regulatory abuse may be necessary preconditions for naïve individuals to understand and develop wiser collective enforcement systems. 

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4. A Proposed Framework for UAS Positioning in GPS-Denied and GPS-Spoofed Environments

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS60906.2024.10550601  

   Burbank, Jack L; Foust, Landon; Greene, Trevor; Kaabouch, Naima (April 2024, IEEE)

   NA (Ed.)

   Unmanned Aerial Systems have become ubiquitous and are now widely used in commercial, consumer, and military applications. Their widespread use is due to a combination of their low cost, high capability, and ability to perform tasks and go places that are not easy or safe for humans. Most UAS platforms are dependent on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), to provide positioning information for navigation and flight control. Without reliable GPS signals, the flight path cannot be trusted, and flight safety cannot be assured. However, GPS is vulnerable to several types of malicious attacks, including jamming, spoofing, or physical attacks on the GPS constellation itself. Additionally, there are environments in which GPS reception is not always possible, a key example being urban canyon areas where line-of-site to the GPS satellite constellation may be blocked or obscured by large obstacles such as buildings. Numerous methods have been proposed for position estimation in GPS denied environments. However, these methods have significant limitations and typically exhibit poor performance in certain environments and scenarios. This paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of existing alternate positioning methods and describes a framework where multiple positioning solutions are jointly employed to construct an optimal position estimate. The proposed framework aims to reduce computation complexity and yield good positioning performance across a wide variety of environments. 

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5. Techno-mediated Justice: How Restorative Justice Practitioners Use VideoConferencing Platforms and What HCI Can Learn from Them

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3711081  

   Musgrave, Tyler; Bell, Alexis; Schoenebeck, Sarita (May 2025, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction)

   Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, videoconferencing platforms have become an essential part of our social, educational, and work lives. Furthermore, the United States continues to grapple with criminal justice reform, employing processes such as restorative justice to replace antiquated punitive approaches to justice with a focus on the multifaceted needs of communities. Essential to the delivery of restorative justice, restorative justice practitioners are community members trained in the process and approaches of restorative practice. Like everyone else, restorative justice practitioners have transitioned from historically in-person facilitation to online facilitation, integrating videoconferencing platforms into their justice-related work. Diverse communities within Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) have been examined in light of their digital transitions and the utilization of various digital tools, including videoconferencing platforms prompted by the pandemic. However, the distinctive perspective of restorative justice practitioners in adapting restorative approaches to an online format is unexplored. Therefore, our research examines how restorative practitioners use videoconferencing platforms for justice-related interventions. To do so, we conducted six semi-structured focus group interviews with 22 US-based restorative facilitators to learn about their experiences with online delivery of restorative justice. Our research revealed that restorative facilitators uphold restorative values in their online delivery by embracing the restorative facilitation process and fostering dialogue. Furthermore, we posit that the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community can acquire valuable insights from restorative practitioners on nurturing and sustaining intimacy and connection online. 

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