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1. Toward Generation of Spatially-Entangled Photon Pairs in a Few-Mode Fiber

   https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_AT.2020.JTh2A.27  

   Shamsshooli, Afshin; Guo, Cheng; Parmigiani, Francesca; Li, Xiaoying; Vasilyev, Michael (May 2020, CLEO conference 2020)

   We describe a novel scheme for spatial-mode-entangled photon-pair generation in a few-mode fiber. We experimentally verify the underlying inter-modal parametric processes with two-mode classical signal input and demonstrate high mode purity of the generated idler. 

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2. Toward Generation of Orbital-Angular-Momentum-Entangled Photon Pairs in a Few-Mode Fiber

   https://doi.org/10.1364/FIO.2020.FM1D.2  

   Shamsshooli, Afshin; Guo, Cheng; Parmigiani, Francesca; Li, Xiaoying; Vasilyev, Michael (September 2020, Frontiers in Optics 2020)

   null (Ed.)

   We describe a novel scheme for generation of orbital-angular-momentum-entangled photons in a few-mode fiber. We experimentally verify the underlying inter-modal parametric processes with two-mode classical signal input, observing high mode purity of the generated idler. 

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3. Progress toward photon-pair efficiency optimization using four-wave mixing in few-mode fibers

   https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.558793  

   Montazeri, Seyedehnajmeh; Esmaeelpour, Mina (May 2025, Applied Optics)

   Intermodal four-wave mixing (FWM) process in few-mode fibers (FMFs) could be utilized for entangled photon-pair generation. Previous studies mainly performed in single-mode fibers suffered from the significant Raman scattering background from the glass fiber. Therefore, the instantaneous Raman and FWM effects would compete; this could be avoided in FMFs if the modal dispersion is larger than the Raman gain spectra. Utilizing two pumps in different modes in FMFs will generate photon pairs in various modes. Here, we study the effect of pump spectral separation on the intermodal FWM power and bandwidth using a seeding technique. It is concluded that the further the pumps and intermodal FWM idler and signal are from each other spectrally, the smaller the photon efficiency and larger the bandwidth. Experimental results for two FMFs of different differential mode group delay values are presented. 

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4. Fiber-Specific Electrostriction Response Under Intensity Modulation

   https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2023.3276272  

   Al-Shaikhli, Fatima; O'Sullivan, Maurice; Hui, Rongqing (January 2023, Journal of Lightwave Technology)

   Electrostriction in an optical fiber is introduced by interaction between the forward propagated optical signal and the acoustic standing waves in the radial direction resonating between the center of the core and the cladding circumference of the fiber. The response of electrostriction is dependent on fiber parameters, especially the mode field radius. We demonstrated a novel technique that can be used to characterize fiber properties by means of measuring their electrostriction response under intensity modulation. As the spectral envelope of electrostriction-induced propagation loss is anti-symmetrical, the signal to noise ratio can be significantly increased by subtracting the measured spectrum from its complex conjugate. We show that if the transversal field distribution of the fiber propagation mode is Gaussian, the envelope of the electrostriction-induced loss spectrum closely follows a Maxwellian distribution whose shape can be specified by a single parameter determined by the mode field radius. 

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5. Spatial-Mode-Selective Frequency Conversion

   Shamsshooli, Afshin; Kwon, Young B.; Guo, Cheng; Parmigiani, Francesca; Li, Xiaoying; Langrock, Carsten; Fejer, Martin M.; Vasilyev, Michael (September 2021, Photonics in Switching and Computing 2021)

   We discuss wavelength conversion of a selected signal spatial mode, which preserves its quantum state and does not disturb other signal spatial modes. We present the results for a lithium niobate waveguide and a few-mode-fiber. 

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