We performed a driving simulator study to investigate merging decisions with respect to an interaction partner in time-critical situations. The experimental paradigm was a two-alternative forced choice, where the subjects could choose to merge before human vehicles or highly automated vehicles (HAV). Under time pressure, subjects showed a significantly higher gap acceptance during merging situations when interacting with HAV. This confirmed our original hypothesis that when interacting with HAV, drivers would exploit the HAV's technological advantages and defensive programming in time-critical situations.
Electrochemical Immunosensing of Interleukin-6 in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Human Serum as an Early Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Abstract Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic markers are abundant in sewage and highly human-specific, suggesting a great potential for the environmental application as human fecal pollution indicators. Limited data are available on the occurrence and co-occurrence of human mtDNA with fecal bacterial markers in surface waters, and how the abundance of these markers is influenced by rain events. A 1-year sampling study was conducted in a suburban watershed impacted by human sewage contamination to evaluate the performance of a human mtDNA-based marker along with the bacterial genetic markers for human-associated Bacteroidales (BacHum and HF183) and Escherichia coli. Additionally, the human mtDNA-based assay was correlated with rain events and other markers. The mtDNA marker was detected in 92% of samples (n = 140) with a mean concentration of 2.96 log10 copies/100 ml throughout the study period. Human mtDNA was detected with greater abundance than human-associated Bacteroidales that could be attributed to differences in the decay of these markers in the environment. The abundance of all markers was positively correlated with rain events, and human mtDNA abundance was significantly correlated with various bacterial markers. In general, these results should support future risk assessment for impacted watersheds, particularly those affected by human fecalmore »
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In this paper, we analyze and report on observable trends in human-human dyads performing collaborative manipulation (co-manipulation) tasks with an extended object (object with significant length). We present a detailed analysis relating trends in interaction forces and torques with other metrics and propose that these trends could provide a way of improving communication and efficiency for human-robot dyads. We find that the motion of the co-manipulated object has a measurable oscillatory component. We confirm that haptic feedback alone represents a sufficient communication channel for co-manipulation tasks, however we find that the loss of visual and auditory channels has a significant effect on interaction torque and velocity. The main objective of this paper is to lay the essential groundwork in defining principles of co-manipulation between human dyads. We propose that these principles could enable effective and intuitive human-robot collaborative manipulation in future co-manipulation research.