Many mobile applications (i.e., apps) include UI widgets to use or collect users’ sensitive data. Thus, to identify suspicious sensitive data usage such as UI-permission mis- match, it is crucial to understand the intentions of UI widgets. However, many UI widgets leverage icons of specific shapes (object icons) and icons embedded with text (text icons) to express their intentions, posing challenges for existing detection techniques that analyze only textual data to identify sensitive UI widgets. In this work, we propose a novel app analysis frame- work, ICONINTENT, that synergistically combines program analysis and icon classification to identify sensitive UI widgets in Android apps. ICONINTENT automatically associates UI widgets and icons via static analysis on app’s UI layout files and code, and then adapts computer vision techniques to classify the associated icons into eight categories of sensitive data. Our evaluations of ICONINTENT on 150 apps from Google Play show that ICONINTENT can detect 248 sensitive UI widgets in 97 apps, achieving a precision of 82.4%. When combined with SUPOR, the state-of-the-art sensitive UI widget identification technique based on text analysis, SUPOR +ICONINTENT can detect 487 sensitive UI widgets (101.2% improvement over SU- POR only), and reduces suspicious permissions to be inspected by 50.7% (129.4% improvement over SUPOR only).
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Parsing and Summarizing Infographics with Synthetically Trained Icon Detection
Widely used in news, business, and educational media, infographics are handcrafted to effectively communicate messages about complex and often abstract topics including `ways to conserve the environment' and `coronavirus prevention'. The computational understanding of infographics required for future applications like automatic captioning, summarization, search, and question-answering, will depend on being able to parse the visual and textual elements contained within. However, being composed of stylistically and semantically diverse visual and textual elements, infographics pose challenges for current A.I. systems. While automatic text extraction works reasonably well on infographics, standard object detection algorithms fail to identify the stand-alone visual elements in infographics that we refer to as `icons'. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to train an object detector using synthetically-generated data, and show that it succeeds at generalizing to detecting icons within in-the-wild infographics. We further pair our icon detection approach with an icon classifier and a state-of-the-art text detector to demonstrate three demo applications: topic prediction, multi-modal summarization, and multi-modal search. Parsing the visual and textual elements within infographics provides us with the first steps towards automatic infographic understanding.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1901030
- PAR ID:
- 10300546
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- 2021 IEEE 14th Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis)
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 31 to 40
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1109/PacificVis52677.2021.00012
