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1. On the machine learning for minimizing the negative influence in mobile cyber physical systems

   https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2519598  

   Chaudhary, Vijay; Rawat, Danda (May 2019, SPIE Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications)

   Emerging cyber physical system (CPS) are expected to enhance the overall performance of the networked systems to provide reliable services and applications to their users. However, massive number of connectivities in CPS bring security vulnerabilities and the mobility adds more complexity for securing the mobile CPS. Any mobile CPS can be represented as a graph with connectivity as well as with interactions among a group of mobile CPS nodes that plays a major role as a medium for the propagation of wrong/right information, and influence its members in the mobile CPS. This problem has wide spread applications in viral information disseminating in mobile CPS, where a malicious mobile CPS node may wish to spread the rumor via the most influential individuals in mobile CPS. In this paper, we design, develop and evaluate a machine learning approach that is based on a set theoretic approach for optimizing the influence in mobile CPS. This problem has applications in civilian and military systems. 

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2. Bridging Nations: Quantifying the Role of Multilinguals in Communication on Social Media

   https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22174  

   Mendelsohn, Julia; Ghosh, Sayan; Jurgens, David; Budak, Ceren (June 2023, Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media)

   Social media enables the rapid spread of many kinds of information, from pop culture memes to social movements. However, little is known about how information crosses linguistic boundaries. We apply causal inference techniques on the European Twitter network to quantify the structural role and communication influence of multilingual users in cross-lingual information exchange. Overall, multilinguals play an essential role; posting in multiple languages increases betweenness centrality by 13%, and having a multilingual network neighbor increases monolinguals’ odds of sharing domains and hashtags from another language 16-fold and 4-fold, respectively. We further show that multilinguals have a greater impact on diffusing information is less accessible to their monolingual compatriots, such as information from far-away countries and content about regional politics, nascent social movements, and job opportunities. By highlighting information exchange across borders, this work sheds light on a crucial component of how information and ideas spread around the world. 

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3. Privacy as a Planned Behavior: Effects of Situational Factors on Privacy Perceptions and Plans

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3450613.3456829  

   Mehdy, A K; Ekstrand, Michael D.; Knijnenburg, Bart P.; Mehrpouyan, Hoda (June 2021, UMAP ’21, June 21–25, 2021, Utrecht, Netherlands © 2021 Association for Computing Machinery.)

   null (Ed.)

   To account for privacy perceptions and preferences in user models and develop personalized privacy systems, we need to understand how users make privacy decisions in various contexts. Existing studies of privacy perceptions and behavior focus on overall tendencies toward privacy, but few have examined the context-specific factors in privacy decision making. We conducted a survey on Mechanical Turk (N=401) based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to measure the way users’ perceptions of privacy factors and intent to disclose information are affected by three situational factors embodied hypothetical scenarios: information type, recipients’ role, and trust source. Results showed a positive relationship between subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and between each of these and situational privacy attitude; all three constructs are significantly positively associated with intent to disclose. These findings also suggest that, situational factors predict participants’ privacy decisions through their influence on the TPB constructs. 

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4. An Exploration of Methods Using Social Media to Examine Local Attitudes Towards Mask-Wearing During a Pandemic

   Elrod, N.; Mahajan, P.; Katragadda, M.; Halse, S.; Kropczynski, J. (January 2021, Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference)

   null (Ed.)

   During the COVID-19 health crisis, local public officials continue to expend considerable energy encouraging citizens to comply with prevention measures in order to reduce the spread of infection. During the pandemic, mask-wearing has been accepted among health officials as a simple preventative measure; however, some local areas have been more likely to comply than others. This paper explores methods to better understand local attitudes towards mask-wearing as a tool for public health officials’ situational awareness when preparing public messaging campaigns. This exploration compares three methods to explore local attitudes: sentiment analysis, n-grams, and hashtags. We also explore hashtag co-occurrence networks as a possible starting point to begin the filtering process. The results show that while sentiment analysis is quick and easy to employ, the results offer little insight into specific local attitudes towards mask-wearing, while examining hashtags and hashtag co-occurrence networks may be used a tool for a more robust understanding of local areas when attempting to gain situational awareness. 

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5. Analytic Review of Using Augmented Reality for Situational Awareness

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3141585  

   Woodward, Julia; Ruiz, Jaime (January 2022, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics)

   Situational awareness is the perception and understanding of the surrounding environment. Maintaining situational awareness is vital for performance and error prevention in safety critical domains. Prior work has examined applying augmented reality (AR) to the context of improving situational awareness, but has mainly focused on the applicability of using AR rather than on information design. Hence, there is a need to investigate how to design the presentation of information, especially in AR headsets, to increase users’ situational awareness. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review to research how information is currently presented in AR, especially in systems that are being utilized for situational awareness. Comparing current presentations of information to existing design recommendations aided in identifying future areas of design. In addition, this survey further discusses opportunities and challenges in applying AR to increasing users’ situational awareness. 

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