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1. When Sets Can and Cannot Have MSTD Subsets

   Chu, Hung; McNew, Nathan; Miller, Steven J; Xu, Victor; Zhang, Sean (January 2018, Journal of integer sequences)

   A finite set of integers A is a sum-dominant (also called a More Sums Than Differences or MSTD) set if |A+A| > |A−A|. While almost all subsets of {0, . . . , n} are not sum-dominant, interestingly a small positive percentage are. We explore sufficient conditions on infinite sets of positive integers such that there are either no sum-dominant subsets, at most finitely many sum-dominant subsets, or infinitely many sum-dominant subsets. In particular, we prove no subset of the Fibonacci numbers is a sum-dominant set, establish conditions such that solutions to a recurrence relation have only finitely many sum-dominant subsets, and show there are infinitely many sum-dominant subsets of the primes. 

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2. Invariant measures in simple and in small theories

   https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219061322500258  

   Chernikov, Artem; Hrushovski, Ehud; Kruckman, Alex; Krupiński, Krzysztof; Moconja, Slavko; Pillay, Anand; Ramsey, Nicholas (August 2023, Journal of Mathematical Logic)

   We give examples of (i) a simple theory with a formula (with parameters) which does not fork over [Formula: see text] but has [Formula: see text]-measure 0 for every automorphism invariant Keisler measure [Formula: see text] and (ii) a definable group [Formula: see text] in a simple theory such that [Formula: see text] is not definably amenable, i.e. there is no translation invariant Keisler measure on [Formula: see text]. We also discuss paradoxical decompositions both in the setting of discrete groups and of definable groups, and prove some positive results about small theories, including the definable amenability of definable groups. 

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3. Minimal Ws,ns$$W^{s,\frac{n}{s}}$$‐harmonic maps in homotopy classes

   https://doi.org/10.1112/jlms.12769  

   Mazowiecka, Katarzyna; Schikorra, Armin (August 2023, Journal of the London Mathematical Society)

   Abstract Let a closed ‐dimensional manifold, be a closed manifold, and let for . We extend the monumental work of Sacks and Uhlenbeck by proving that if , then there exists a minimizing ‐harmonic map homotopic to . If , then we prove that there exists a ‐harmonic map from to in a generating set of . Since several techniques, especially Pohozaev‐type arguments, are unknown in the fractional framework (in particular, when , one cannot argue via an extension method), we develop crucial new tools that are interesting on their own: such as a removability result for point singularities and a balanced energy estimate for nonscaling invariant energies. Moreover, we prove the regularity theory for minimizing ‐maps into manifolds. 

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4. Full quantum crossed products, invariant measures, and type-I lifting

   Alexandru Chirvasitu (October 2022, Munster journal of mathematics)

   We show that for a closed embedding H ≤ G of locally compact quantum groups (LCQGs) with G/H admitting an invariant probability measure, a unitary G-representation is type-I if its restriction to H is. On a related note, we also prove that if an action G ⟳ A of an LCQG on a unital C∗ -algebra admits an invariant state then the full group algebra of G embeds into the resulting full crossed product (and into the multiplier algebra of that crossed product if the original algebra is not unital). We also prove a few other results on crossed products of LCQG actions, some of which seem to be folklore; among them are (a) the fact that two mutually dual quantum-group morphisms produce isomorphic full crossed products, and (b) the fact that full and reduced crossed products by dual-coamenable LCQGs are isomorphic. 

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5. A family of Kähler flying wing steady Ricci solitons

   Chan, Pak-Yeung; Conlon, Ronan; Lai, Yi (March 2024, arXivorg)

   In 1996, H.-D. Cao constructed a U(n)-invariant steady gradient Kähler-Ricci soliton on Cn and asked whether every steady gradient Kähler-Ricci soliton of positive curvature on Cn is necessarily U(n)-invariant (and hence unique up to scaling). Recently, Apostolov-Cifarelli answered this question in the negative for n=2. Here, we construct a family of U(1)×U(n−1)-invariant, but not U(n)-invariant, complete steady gradient Kähler-Ricci solitons with strictly positive curvature operator on real (1,1)-forms (in particular, with strictly positive sectional curvature) on Cn for n≥3, thereby answering Cao's question in the negative for n≥3. This family of steady Ricci solitons interpolates between Cao's U(n)-invariant steady Kähler-Ricci soliton and the product of the cigar soliton and Cao's U(n−1)-invariant steady Kähler-Ricci soliton. This provides the Kähler analog of the Riemannian flying wings construction of Lai. In the process of the proof, we also demonstrate that the almost diameter rigidity of Pn endowed with the Fubini-Study metric does not hold even if the curvature operator is bounded below by 2 on real (1,1)-forms. 

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