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Machine learning-based security detection models have become prevalent in modern malware and intrusion detection systems. However, previous studies show that such models are susceptible to adversarial evasion attacks. In this type of attack, inputs (i.e., adversarial examples) are specially crafted by intelligent malicious adversaries, with the aim of being misclassified by existing state-of-the-art models (e.g., deep neural networks). Once the attackers can fool a classifier to think that a malicious input is actually benign, they can render a machine learning-based malware or intrusion detection system ineffective. Objective To help security practitioners and researchers build a more robust model against non-adaptive, white-box and non-targeted adversarial evasion attacks through the idea of ensemble model. Method We propose an approach called Omni, the main idea of which is to explore methods that create an ensemble of “unexpected models”; i.e., models whose control hyperparameters have a large distance to the hyperparameters of an adversary’s target model, with which we then make an optimized weighted ensemble prediction. Results In studies with five types of adversarial evasion attacks (FGSM, BIM, JSMA, DeepFool and Carlini-Wagner) on five security datasets (NSL-KDD, CIC-IDS-2017, CSE-CIC-IDS2018, CICAndMal2017 and the Contagio PDF dataset), we show Omni is a promising approach as a defense strategy against adversarial attacks when compared with other baseline treatments Conclusions When employing ensemble defense against adversarial evasion attacks, we suggest to create ensemble with unexpected models that are distant from the attacker’s expected model (i.e., target model) through methods such as hyperparameter optimization.
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Insights into Attacks’ Progression: Prediction of Spatio-Temporal Behavior of DDoS Attacks
DDoS attacks are an immense threat to online services, and numerous studies have been done to detect and defend against them. DDoS attacks, however, are becoming more sophisticated and launched with different purposes, making the detection and instant defense as important as analyzing the behavior of the attack during and after it takes place. Studying and modeling the Spatio-temporal evolvement of DDoS attacks is essential to predict, assess, and combat the problem, since recent studies have shown the emergence of wider and more powerful adversaries. This work aims to model seven Spatio-temporal behavioral characteristics of DDoS attacks, including the attack magnitude, the adversaries’ botnet information, and the attack’s source locality down to the organization. We leverage four state-of-the-art deep learning methods to construct an ensemble of models to capture and predict behavioral patterns of the attack. The proposed ensemble operates in two frequencies, hourly and daily, to actively model and predict the attack behavior and evolvement, and oversee the effect of implementing a defense mechanism.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1841520
- PAR ID:
- 10318800
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Lecture notes in computer science
- ISSN:
- 1611-3349
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65299-9_27
