Title: Selective chiroptical sensing of d / l -cysteine
A chromophoric bifunctional probe design that allows selective chiroptical sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution is introduced. The common need for chiral HPLC separation is eliminated which expedites and simplifies the sample analysis while reducing solvent waste. Screening of the reaction between six phenacyl bromides and the enantiomers of cysteine showed that cyclization to an unsaturated thiomorpholine scaffold coincides with characteristic UV and CD effects, in particular when the reagent carries a proximate auxochromic nitro group. The UV changes and CD inductions were successfully used for determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and total concentration of 18 test samples. This assay is highly selective for free cysteine while other amino acids, cysteine derived small peptides and biothiols do not interfere with the chiroptical signal generation. more »« less
Thanzeel, F. Yushra; Zandi, Lily S.; Wolf, Christian
(, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry)
null
(Ed.)
The cyclization reaction between ortho -phthalaldehyde and l -homocysteine coincides with the generation of a pronounced positive CD signal at approximately 335 nm. Under identical conditions, other amino acids including cysteine produce very weak CD responses. This unusual substrate specificity allows accurate chiroptical analysis of the enantiomeric composition of homocysteine samples in the presence of cysteine without the need for time-consuming chromatographic separation. This significantly simplifies and speeds up ee determination at reduced solvent waste production.
Ligand‐assisted perovskite nanoclusters (PNCs) have been synthesized using oleylamine and L‐ or D‐cysteine as confirmed based on their characteristic electronic absorption bands around 430 nm based on ultraviolet‐visible spectra. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra show distinct chiroptical bands in the 430–440 nm region, revealing the chirality of the PNCs. Interestingly, the sign of the CD signal is always negative, independent of the chirality for L‐ or D‐cystine. This 430–440 nm CD band is tentatively attributed to the formation of new chiral stereocenters within the PNCs with an uneven ratio of two enantiomers induced by the asymmetric liquid–liquid interface from the solvent and antisolvent used during synthesis.
Nelson, Eryn; Formen, Jeffrey S.; Wolf, C.
(, Chemical Science)
The widespread occurrence and significance of chiral compounds does not only require new methods for their enantioselective synthesis but also efficient tools that allow rapid determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and overall concentration of nonracemic mixtures. Although chiral analysis is a frequently encountered challenge in the chemical, environmental, materials and health sciences it is typically addressed with slow and laborious chromatographic or NMR spectroscopic techniques. We now show with almost 40 analytes representing 5 different compound classes, including mono-alcohols which are particularly challenging sensing targets, that this task can be solved very quickly by chiroptical sensing with a single, readily available arylisocyanate probe. The probe reacts smoothly and irreversibly with amino and alcohol groups when an organocatalyst is used at room temperature toward urea or carbamate products exhibiting characteristic UV and CD signals above 300 nm. The UV signal induction is not enantioselective and correlated to the total concentration of both enantiomers, the concomitant generation of a CD band allows determination of the enantiomeric composition from the same sample, and the sense of the induced Cotton effect reveals the absolute configuration by comparison with a reference. This approach eliminates complications that can arise when enantiomerically impure NMR derivatizing agents are used and it outperforms time-consuming HPLC protocols. The generation of distinct UV and CD signals at high wavelengths overcomes issues with insufficient resolution of overlapping signals often encountered with chiral NMR solvating agents that rely on weak binding forces. The broad solvent compatibility is another noteworthy and important characteristic of this assay. It addresses frequently encountered problems with insufficient solubility of polar analytes, for example pharmaceuticals, in standard mobile phase mixtures required for chiral HPLC analysis. We anticipate that the broad application spectrum, ruggedness and practicality of organocatalytic chiroptical sensing with aryliso(thio)cyanate probes together with the availability of automated CD multi-well plate readers carry exceptional promise to accelerate chiral compound development projects at reduced cost and with less waste production.
De_los_Santos, Zeus_A; Lynch, Ciarán_C; Wolf, Christian
(, Chemistry – A European Journal)
Abstract A sterically encumbered aminoborane sensor is introduced and used for quantitative stereochemical analysis of monoalcohols, diols and amino alcohols. The small‐molecule probe exhibits a rigid ortho‐substituted arene scaffold with a proximate boron binding site and a triarylamine circular dichroism (CD) reporter unit which proved to be crucial for the observed chiroptical signal induction. Coordination of the chiral target molecule produces strong Cotton effects and UV changes that are readily correlated to its absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and concentration to achieve comprehensive stereochemical analysis within a 5 % absolute error margin. The sensing method was successfully applied in the chromatography‐free analysis of less than one milligram of a crude asymmetric reaction mixture and the advantages of this chiroptical sensing approach, which is amenable to high‐throughput experimentation equipment and automation, over traditional methods is discussed.
Formen, Jeffrey_S_S_K; Wolf, Christian
(, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)
Abstract A reaction‐based optical relay sensing strategy that enables accurate determination of the concentration and enantiomeric ratio (er) of challenging chiral alcohols exhibiting stereocenters at the α‐, β‐, γ‐ or even δ‐position or hard‐to‐detect cryptochirality arising from H/D substitution is described. This unmatched application scope is achieved with a conceptually new sensing approach by which the alcohol moiety is replaced with an optimized achiral sulfonamide chromophore to minimize the distance between the covalently attached chiroptical reporter unit and the stereogenic center in the substrate. The result is a remarkably strong, red‐shifted CD induction that increases linearly with the sampleer. The CD sensing part of the tandem assay is seamlessly coupled to a redox reaction with a quinone molecule to generate a characteristic UV response that is independent of the enantiopurity of the alcohol and thus allows determination of the total analyte concentration. The robustness and utility of the CD/UV relay are further verified by chromatography‐free asymmetric reaction analysis with small aliquots of crude product mixtures, paving the way toward high‐throughput chiral compound screening workflows which is a highly sought‐after goal in the pharmaceutical industry.
Kariapper, F. Safia, Thanzeel, F. Yushra, Zandi, Lily S., and Wolf, Christian. Selective chiroptical sensing of d / l -cysteine. Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10324075. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 20.15 Web. doi:10.1039/D2OB00198E.
Kariapper, F. Safia, Thanzeel, F. Yushra, Zandi, Lily S., & Wolf, Christian. Selective chiroptical sensing of d / l -cysteine. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 20 (15). Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10324075. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2OB00198E
Kariapper, F. Safia, Thanzeel, F. Yushra, Zandi, Lily S., and Wolf, Christian.
"Selective chiroptical sensing of d / l -cysteine". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 20 (15). Country unknown/Code not available. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2OB00198E.https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10324075.
@article{osti_10324075,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {Selective chiroptical sensing of d / l -cysteine},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10324075},
DOI = {10.1039/D2OB00198E},
abstractNote = {A chromophoric bifunctional probe design that allows selective chiroptical sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution is introduced. The common need for chiral HPLC separation is eliminated which expedites and simplifies the sample analysis while reducing solvent waste. Screening of the reaction between six phenacyl bromides and the enantiomers of cysteine showed that cyclization to an unsaturated thiomorpholine scaffold coincides with characteristic UV and CD effects, in particular when the reagent carries a proximate auxochromic nitro group. The UV changes and CD inductions were successfully used for determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and total concentration of 18 test samples. This assay is highly selective for free cysteine while other amino acids, cysteine derived small peptides and biothiols do not interfere with the chiroptical signal generation.},
journal = {Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry},
volume = {20},
number = {15},
author = {Kariapper, F. Safia and Thanzeel, F. Yushra and Zandi, Lily S. and Wolf, Christian},
}
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