A review of the heterogeneous landscape of biodiversity databases: Opportunities and challenges for a synthesized biodiversity knowledge base
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null (Ed.)The tropics are the source of most biodiversity yet inadequate sampling obscures answers to fundamental questions about how this diversity evolves. We leveraged samples assembled over decades of fieldwork to study diversification of the largest tropical bird radiation, the suboscine passerines. Our phylogeny, estimated using data from 2389 genomic regions in 1940 individuals of 1287 species, reveals that peak suboscine species diversity in the Neotropics is not associated with high recent speciation rates but rather with the gradual accumulation of species over time. Paradoxically, the highest speciation rates are in lineages from regions with low species diversity, which are generally cold, dry, unstable environments. Our results reveal a model in which species are forming faster in environmental extremes but have accumulated in moderate environments to form tropical biodiversity hotspots.more » « less
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Abstract Hundreds of studies now document positive relationships between biodiversity and critical ecosystem processes, but as ecological communities worldwide shift toward new species configurations, less is known regarding how the biodiversity of undesirable species will shape the functioning of ecosystems or foundation species. We manipulated macroalgal species richness in experimental field plots to test whether and how the identity and diversity of competing macroalgae affected the growth, survival, and microbiome of a common coral in Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Compared to controls without algal competitors, coral growth was significantly suppressed across three macroalgal monocultures, a polyculture of the same three macroalgae, and plots containing inert seaweed mimics; coral mortality was limited and did not differ significantly among treatments. One macroalga suppressed coral growth significantly less than the other two, but none differed from the inert mimic in terms of coral suppression. The composition, dispersion, and diversity of coral microbiomes in treatments with live macroalgae or inert plastic mimics did not differ from controls experiencing no competition. Microbiome composition differed between two macroalgal monocultures and a monoculture versus plastic mimics, but no other microbiome differences were observed among macroalgal or mimic treatments. Together, these findings suggest that algal diversity does not alter harmful impacts of macroalgae on coral performance, which could be accounted for by physical structure alone in these field experiments. While enhancing biodiversity is a recognized strategy for promoting desirable species, it would be worrisome if biodiversity also enhanced the negative impacts of undesirable species. We documented no such effects in this investigation.more » « less
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{"Abstract":["A biodiversity dataset graph: DataONE<\/p>\n\nThe intended use of this archive is to facilitate (meta-)analysis of the Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE). DataONE is a distributed infrastructure that provides information about earth observation data.<\/p>\n\nThis dataset provides versioned snapshots of the DataONE network as tracked by Preston [2] between 2018-11-06 and 2020-05-07 using "preston update -u https://dataone.org".<\/p>\n\nThe archive consists of 256 individual parts (e.g., preston-00.tar.gz, preston-01.tar.gz, ...) to allow for parallel file downloads. The archive contains three types of files: index files, provenance logs and data files. In addition, index files have been individually included in this dataset publication to facilitate remote access. Index files provide a way to links provenance files in time to establish a versioning mechanism. Provenance files describe how, when, what and where the DataONE content was retrieved. For more information, please visit https://preston.guoda.bio or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1410543 . <\/p>\n\nTo retrieve and verify the downloaded DataONE biodiversity dataset graph, first concatenate all the downloaded preston-*.tar.gz files (e.g., cat preston-*.tar.gz > preston.tar.gz). Then, extract the archives into a "data" folder. Alternatively, you can use the preston[2] command-line tool to "clone" this dataset using:<\/p>\n\n$$ java -jar preston.jar clone --remote https://zenodo.org/record/3849494/files<\/p>\n\nAfter that, verify the index of the archive by reproducing the following provenance log history:<\/p>\n\n$$ java -jar preston.jar history\n<0659a54f-b713-4f86-a917-5be166a14110> <http://purl.org/pav/hasVersion> <hash://sha256/8c67e0741d1c90db54740e08d2e39d91dfd73566ea69c1f2da0d9ab9780a9a9f> .\n<hash://sha256/3ed3acaca7ac57f546d0b8877c1927ab5e08c23eccaa8219600c59c77a72c685> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/8c67e0741d1c90db54740e08d2e39d91dfd73566ea69c1f2da0d9ab9780a9a9f> .\n<hash://sha256/857753997a7595a1b372b05641b58a25d9408b7ff08d557ce1fe8b73e4bd383f> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/3ed3acaca7ac57f546d0b8877c1927ab5e08c23eccaa8219600c59c77a72c685> .\n<hash://sha256/7ee0376f4c3f7aeeda36927a5211395e5da8201e810e8c7e638a0fe23d001e88> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/857753997a7595a1b372b05641b58a25d9408b7ff08d557ce1fe8b73e4bd383f> .\n<hash://sha256/68b4974d8ab7c4c7a7a4305065839b60ba460aaa862590b34c67877738feba90> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/7ee0376f4c3f7aeeda36927a5211395e5da8201e810e8c7e638a0fe23d001e88> .\n<hash://sha256/060a76d56255bf9482c951748c91291fddeeb20f180632132be1344e081b2372> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/68b4974d8ab7c4c7a7a4305065839b60ba460aaa862590b34c67877738feba90> .\n<hash://sha256/29357bdfab4548025f8a5743301f5c3c9146fa436c39e3c9e019fb9409ac9c42> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/060a76d56255bf9482c951748c91291fddeeb20f180632132be1344e081b2372> .\n<hash://sha256/3669cd95100d1d533eb8953ff4ec5092cbd8addb8879b3e6262191148a8a3ebb> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/29357bdfab4548025f8a5743301f5c3c9146fa436c39e3c9e019fb9409ac9c42> .\n<hash://sha256/8dc1663299359d271cb1b4c14ad521d0f1be67743689dd18016543dc1e097efb> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/3669cd95100d1d533eb8953ff4ec5092cbd8addb8879b3e6262191148a8a3ebb> .\n<hash://sha256/dc4903e8afee651db1d9bf509f20503bf9c8e89679c4bcffb46d5b97440cb6de> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/8dc1663299359d271cb1b4c14ad521d0f1be67743689dd18016543dc1e097efb> .\n<hash://sha256/f3bed9db3092c744604df5f50248a2ec36e564fe78a65f45c4190283bd61c807> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/dc4903e8afee651db1d9bf509f20503bf9c8e89679c4bcffb46d5b97440cb6de> .\n<hash://sha256/e3c7b3b14b2b792e3e2e560a1b2bef059ac93f777dee616b836317bc9cbfcbf7> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/f3bed9db3092c744604df5f50248a2ec36e564fe78a65f45c4190283bd61c807> .\n<hash://sha256/631a4531e7bb052816d28454bbeec3428d5e7bfd1f148c4f21ce63a6cf86c650> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/e3c7b3b14b2b792e3e2e560a1b2bef059ac93f777dee616b836317bc9cbfcbf7> .\n<hash://sha256/87de0898919d2212977a586965e930ae45bdd1366073591c808c208a635e2814> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/631a4531e7bb052816d28454bbeec3428d5e7bfd1f148c4f21ce63a6cf86c650> .\n<hash://sha256/79ec3ee370a0d38311bc352af07a36380cd3aa04dc98154cf723bbc73d12ee77> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/87de0898919d2212977a586965e930ae45bdd1366073591c808c208a635e2814> .\n<hash://sha256/e54b360a4ca84a4503e4c10a8a8cca062c130be7429c8fe6ea1e0e82fe113e12> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/79ec3ee370a0d38311bc352af07a36380cd3aa04dc98154cf723bbc73d12ee77> .\n<hash://sha256/2910f784f84e112f124a56ce54bd06b76e510f90276629d2d144ce29e326d80f> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/e54b360a4ca84a4503e4c10a8a8cca062c130be7429c8fe6ea1e0e82fe113e12> .\n<hash://sha256/bcb0bdff0689cfb06f586d057703e41d1c6ba409867232217081dd8cb5053c87> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/2910f784f84e112f124a56ce54bd06b76e510f90276629d2d144ce29e326d80f> .\n<hash://sha256/a12f8c7fbf4fbfa71536c7e1b2614a35454dac6a7fe9e1cc0b4df41ab2269bef> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/bcb0bdff0689cfb06f586d057703e41d1c6ba409867232217081dd8cb5053c87> .\n<hash://sha256/2b5c445f0b7b918c14a50de36e29a32854ed55f00d8639e09f58f049b85e50e3> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/a12f8c7fbf4fbfa71536c7e1b2614a35454dac6a7fe9e1cc0b4df41ab2269bef> .<\/p>\n\nTo check the integrity of the extracted archive, confirm that each line produce by the command "preston verify" produces lines as shown below, with each line including "CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH". Depending on hardware capacity, this may take a while.<\/p>\n\n$ java -jar preston.jar verify\nhash://sha256/e55c1034d985740926564e94decd6dc7a70f779a33e7deb931553739cda16945 file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/e5/5c/e55c1034d985740926564e94decd6dc7a70f779a33e7deb931553739cda16945 OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 21580 hash://sha256/e55c1034d985740926564e94decd6dc7a70f779a33e7deb931553739cda16945\nhash://sha256/d0ddcc2111b6134a570bcc7d89375920ef4d754130cecc0727c79d2b05a9f81f file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/d0/dd/d0ddcc2111b6134a570bcc7d89375920ef4d754130cecc0727c79d2b05a9f81f OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 2035 hash://sha256/d0ddcc2111b6134a570bcc7d89375920ef4d754130cecc0727c79d2b05a9f81f\nhash://sha256/472de9d1c9fd7e044aac409abfbfff9f12c6b69359df995d431009580ffb0f53 file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/47/2d/472de9d1c9fd7e044aac409abfbfff9f12c6b69359df995d431009580ffb0f53 OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 1935 hash://sha256/472de9d1c9fd7e044aac409abfbfff9f12c6b69359df995d431009580ffb0f53\nhash://sha256/b29879462cd43862129c5cf9b149c41ecd33ffef284a4dbea4ac1c0f90108687 file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/b2/98/b29879462cd43862129c5cf9b149c41ecd33ffef284a4dbea4ac1c0f90108687 OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 1553 hash://sha256/b29879462cd43862129c5cf9b149c41ecd33ffef284a4dbea4ac1c0f90108687<\/p>\n\n\nNote that a copy of the java program "preston", preston.jar, is included in this publication. The program runs on java 8+ virtual machine using "java -jar preston.jar", or in short "preston".<\/p>\n\nFiles in this data publication:<\/p>\n\n--- start of file descriptions ---<\/p>\n\n-- description of archive and its contents (this file) --\nREADME<\/p>\n\n-- executable java jar containing preston[2] v0.1.15. --\npreston.jar<\/p>\n\n-- preston archives containing DataONE data files, associated provenance logs and a provenance index --\npreston-[00-ff].tar.gz<\/p>\n\n-- individual provenance index files --\n2a5de79372318317a382ea9a2cef069780b852b01210ef59e06b640a3539cb5a\n2aecaf289def0e23a27058bf7715f226ef9189905f0be13228174825633125cf\n2f65ae542401d4c2daf1bca70de640211da6749188f67d28ea71acd7d8ba070b\n35eb1e17e2bf3e71212cde35bdb03e8a6545a57483ea3c1633929257b70cf637\n3d38b70198e448674be6a63d14b9817f3a956f48bba7418fa7baa086a56c05b7\n66ad3e5e904740f1e835ac6718dda4279e0c24b204ea0d1113cda1352a5072ba\n7466a35e42dea7e2be068060ec0c926f9a8686388ed504ef5c6c990c1ba4e8d0\n81161d9746c2a5823641c436e773fb4508516b055da85f4494b38c545349da39\n8bf062872ce958545d361e9d53a552ffb025ac29ab875caad1157c0995d34f66\na90eed8d70c54c8e554f2dfde4fceb434eda162d9615d62de96ded2344f88a78\nc33ef5e29100b323412f1f3bc66908c8e01e4f0d1db4ea3685d2fffc47981dd6\nc84dffef20fec958255e759db6445fc469d73695674a33ae6f7e567a088c9fe0\nd362d599d72000c4feb464db5a669b12e15fc3ca1a49b1e7d4d6f7d6d5d15411\nd9378616636be3686bbabd5bf29d50f0ef0e5ceb5ddd7dfce47f7e755b596b7d\nda26fa6e7371385ed3f61af9a766221c833060d59dfd4869bbd7110f95f288db\ne4103a75627857de3ee2e317429108611c244fc448c01d1d7bf652115c3b8a55\neb368fedb8f100210dd968edcf80f4d13cab3dd64135a6ab744102cf15e68c94\nf13ab4bca04f894ae8eabb51fa01b4dfbc69f717eabc9896c728e2ba39c4db27\nf493baf276892a199a0b0d078359f64a38fe8ad3f807921f8d41ef73f7343b1f\nff92b6c06ae5286bd2f1db679e0fcc4da294acb9bc01b2e9522378d99218c2e3<\/p>\n\n--- end of file descriptions ---<\/p>\n\n\nReferences<\/p>\n\n[1] Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE, https://dataone.org) accessed from 2018-11-06 to 2020-05-07 with provenance hash://sha256/2b5c445f0b7b918c14a50de36e29a32854ed55f00d8639e09f58f049b85e50e3.\n[2] https://preston.guoda.bio, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1410543 .<\/p>\n\n\nThis work is funded in part by grant NSF OAC 1839201 from the National Science Foundation.<\/p>"]}more » « less
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{"Abstract":["A biodiversity dataset graph: DataONE<\/p>\n\nThe intended use of this archive is to facilitate meta-analysis of the Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE). DataONE is a distributed infrastructure that provides information about earth observation data. <\/p>\n\nThis dataset provides versioned snapshots of the DataONE network as tracked by Preston [2] between 2018-10-18 and 2019-10-03 using "preston update -u https://dataone.org". <\/p>\n\nThe archive consists of 256 individual parts (e.g., preston-00.tar.gz, preston-01.tar.gz, ...) to allow for parallel file downloads. The archive contains three types of files: index files, provenance logs and data files. In addition, index files have been individually included in this dataset publication to facilitate remote access. Index files provide a way to links provenance files in time to establish a versioning mechanism. Provenance files describe how, when and where the DataONE content was retrieved. For more information, please visit https://preston.guoda.bio or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1410543). <\/p>\n\nTo retrieve and verify the downloaded DataONE biodiversity dataset graph, first concatenate all the downloaded preston-*.tar.gz files (e.g., cat preston-*.tar.gz > preston.tar.gz). Then, extract the archives into a "data" folder. Alternatively, you can use the preston[2] command-line tool to "clone" this dataset using:<\/p>\n\n$$ java -jar preston.jar clone --remote https://zenodo.org/record/3483218/files<\/p>\n\nAfter that, verify the index of the archive by reproducing the following provenance log history:<\/p>\n\n$$ java -jar preston.jar history\n<0659a54f-b713-4f86-a917-5be166a14110> <http://purl.org/pav/hasVersion> <hash://sha256/8c67e0741d1c90db54740e08d2e39d91dfd73566ea69c1f2da0d9ab9780a9a9f> .\n<hash://sha256/3ed3acaca7ac57f546d0b8877c1927ab5e08c23eccaa8219600c59c77a72c685> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/8c67e0741d1c90db54740e08d2e39d91dfd73566ea69c1f2da0d9ab9780a9a9f> .\n<hash://sha256/857753997a7595a1b372b05641b58a25d9408b7ff08d557ce1fe8b73e4bd383f> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/3ed3acaca7ac57f546d0b8877c1927ab5e08c23eccaa8219600c59c77a72c685> .\n<hash://sha256/7ee0376f4c3f7aeeda36927a5211395e5da8201e810e8c7e638a0fe23d001e88> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/857753997a7595a1b372b05641b58a25d9408b7ff08d557ce1fe8b73e4bd383f> .\n<hash://sha256/68b4974d8ab7c4c7a7a4305065839b60ba460aaa862590b34c67877738feba90> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/7ee0376f4c3f7aeeda36927a5211395e5da8201e810e8c7e638a0fe23d001e88> .\n<hash://sha256/060a76d56255bf9482c951748c91291fddeeb20f180632132be1344e081b2372> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/68b4974d8ab7c4c7a7a4305065839b60ba460aaa862590b34c67877738feba90> .\n<hash://sha256/29357bdfab4548025f8a5743301f5c3c9146fa436c39e3c9e019fb9409ac9c42> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/060a76d56255bf9482c951748c91291fddeeb20f180632132be1344e081b2372> .\n<hash://sha256/3669cd95100d1d533eb8953ff4ec5092cbd8addb8879b3e6262191148a8a3ebb> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/29357bdfab4548025f8a5743301f5c3c9146fa436c39e3c9e019fb9409ac9c42> .\n<hash://sha256/8dc1663299359d271cb1b4c14ad521d0f1be67743689dd18016543dc1e097efb> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/3669cd95100d1d533eb8953ff4ec5092cbd8addb8879b3e6262191148a8a3ebb> .\n<hash://sha256/dc4903e8afee651db1d9bf509f20503bf9c8e89679c4bcffb46d5b97440cb6de> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/8dc1663299359d271cb1b4c14ad521d0f1be67743689dd18016543dc1e097efb> .\n<hash://sha256/f3bed9db3092c744604df5f50248a2ec36e564fe78a65f45c4190283bd61c807> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/dc4903e8afee651db1d9bf509f20503bf9c8e89679c4bcffb46d5b97440cb6de> .\n<hash://sha256/e3c7b3b14b2b792e3e2e560a1b2bef059ac93f777dee616b836317bc9cbfcbf7> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/f3bed9db3092c744604df5f50248a2ec36e564fe78a65f45c4190283bd61c807> .\n<hash://sha256/631a4531e7bb052816d28454bbeec3428d5e7bfd1f148c4f21ce63a6cf86c650> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/e3c7b3b14b2b792e3e2e560a1b2bef059ac93f777dee616b836317bc9cbfcbf7> .\n<hash://sha256/87de0898919d2212977a586965e930ae45bdd1366073591c808c208a635e2814> <http://purl.org/pav/previousVersion> <hash://sha256/631a4531e7bb052816d28454bbeec3428d5e7bfd1f148c4f21ce63a6cf86c650> .<\/p>\n\nTo check the integrity of the extracted archive, confirm that each line produce by the command "preston verify" produces lines as shown below, with each line including "CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH". Depending on hardware capacity, this may take a while.<\/p>\n\n$ java -jar preston.jar verify\nhash://sha256/e55c1034d985740926564e94decd6dc7a70f779a33e7deb931553739cda16945 file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/e5/5c/e55c1034d985740926564e94decd6dc7a70f779a33e7deb931553739cda16945 OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 21580\nhash://sha256/d0ddcc2111b6134a570bcc7d89375920ef4d754130cecc0727c79d2b05a9f81f file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/d0/dd/d0ddcc2111b6134a570bcc7d89375920ef4d754130cecc0727c79d2b05a9f81f OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 2035\nhash://sha256/472de9d1c9fd7e044aac409abfbfff9f12c6b69359df995d431009580ffb0f53 file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/47/2d/472de9d1c9fd7e044aac409abfbfff9f12c6b69359df995d431009580ffb0f53 OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 1935\nhash://sha256/b29879462cd43862129c5cf9b149c41ecd33ffef284a4dbea4ac1c0f90108687 file:/home/preston/preston-dataone/data/b2/98/b29879462cd43862129c5cf9b149c41ecd33ffef284a4dbea4ac1c0f90108687 OK CONTENT_PRESENT_VALID_HASH 1553<\/p>\n\nNote that a copy of the java program "preston", preston.jar, is included in this publication. The program runs on java 8+ virtual machine using "java -jar preston.jar", or in short "preston". <\/p>\n\nFiles in this data publication:<\/p>\n\n--- start of file descriptions ---<\/p>\n\n-- description of archive and its contents (this file) --\nREADME <\/p>\n\n-- executable java jar containing preston[2] v0.1.8. --\npreston.jar<\/p>\n\n-- preston archives containing DataONE data files, associated provenance logs and a provenance index --\npreston-[00-ff].tar.gz <\/p>\n\n-- individual provenance index files --\n2a5de79372318317a382ea9a2cef069780b852b01210ef59e06b640a3539cb5a\n2aecaf289def0e23a27058bf7715f226ef9189905f0be13228174825633125cf\n2f65ae542401d4c2daf1bca70de640211da6749188f67d28ea71acd7d8ba070b\n3d38b70198e448674be6a63d14b9817f3a956f48bba7418fa7baa086a56c05b7\n66ad3e5e904740f1e835ac6718dda4279e0c24b204ea0d1113cda1352a5072ba\n8bf062872ce958545d361e9d53a552ffb025ac29ab875caad1157c0995d34f66\nc84dffef20fec958255e759db6445fc469d73695674a33ae6f7e567a088c9fe0\nd9378616636be3686bbabd5bf29d50f0ef0e5ceb5ddd7dfce47f7e755b596b7d\nda26fa6e7371385ed3f61af9a766221c833060d59dfd4869bbd7110f95f288db\ne4103a75627857de3ee2e317429108611c244fc448c01d1d7bf652115c3b8a55\neb368fedb8f100210dd968edcf80f4d13cab3dd64135a6ab744102cf15e68c94\nf13ab4bca04f894ae8eabb51fa01b4dfbc69f717eabc9896c728e2ba39c4db27\nf493baf276892a199a0b0d078359f64a38fe8ad3f807921f8d41ef73f7343b1f\nff92b6c06ae5286bd2f1db679e0fcc4da294acb9bc01b2e9522378d99218c2e3<\/p>\n\n--- end of file descriptions ---<\/p>\n\n\nReferences <\/p>\n\n[1] Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE, https://dataone.org) accessed from 2018-10-18 to 2019-10-03 with provenance hash://sha256/631a4531e7bb052816d28454bbeec3428d5e7bfd1f148c4f21ce63a6cf86c650 .\n[2] https://preston.guoda.bio, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1410543 . <\/p>\n\n\nThis work is funded in part by grant NSF OAC 1839201 from the National Science Foundation\n <\/p>"]}more » « less
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