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A reliable prediction of liquefaction-induced damage typically requires nonlinear deformation analyses with an advanced constitutive soil model calibrated to the site conditions. The calibration of constitutive models can be performed by relying primarily on a combination of commonly available properties and empirical or semi-empirical relationships, on laboratory tests on site-specific soils, on in-situ penetration tests, or a combination thereof. Chiaradonna et al. (2022) described a laboratory-based calibration approach of the PM4Sand constitutive model and evaluated the prediction accuracy against the response of a centrifuge experiment of a submerged slope. This paper addresses an alternate calibration approach in which the PM4Sand model is calibrated using centrifuge in-situ CPT data. The model performance for the resulting calibration is evaluated against the centrifuge experimental data and prior simulations from Chiaradonna et al. (2022). In this case, the CPT-based calibration resulted in more accurate estimations of the dynamic response and permanent displacements.
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Dynamic Behavior of Uniform Clean Sands: Evaluation of Predictive Capabilities in the Element- and the System-Level Scale
This paper investigates and presents the numerical modeling and validation of the response of a uniform clean sand using monotonic and cyclic laboratory tests as well as a centrifuge model test comprised of a submerged slope. The dynamic response of the sand is modeled using a critical state compatible, stress ratio-based, bounding surface plasticity constitutive model (PM4Sand), implemented in the commercial finite-difference platform FLAC, and PM4Sand’s performance is evaluated against a comprehensive testing program comprised of laboratory data and a well-instrumented centrifuge model test. Three different calibrations informed by the lab and centrifuge data are performed and the goodness of the predictions is discussed. Conclusions are drawn with regards to the performance of the simulations against the laboratory and centrifuge data, and recommendations about the calibration of the model are provided.
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- PAR ID:
- 10335417
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- GeoCongress 2022
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 444 to 454
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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The standard of practice when assessing the liquefaction susceptibility of geosystems uses an empirical case history database that was primarily developed for clean, poorly graded sands. However, many geosystems in the built environment are either constructed with or founded on well graded soils, creating a disconnect between the sand encountered in practice and the sand used as the basis of knowledge. Using the 9-m centrifuge at the University of California Davis’s Center for Geotechnical Modeling a centrifuge experiment was designed to test the dynamic response of embankments constructed poorly graded and well graded sands at the system level scale. The experiment consisted of two 10-degree slopes, one constructed with a poorly graded sand and the other with a well graded sand positioned side by side in the same model container. Each slope was dry pluviated to the same relative density of Dr=63%, while the absolute densities were different. The slopes were instrumented with dense arrays of pore pressure transducers and accelerometers in the level ground at the head of the slope. The stress-strain behavior between accelerometers was calculated using inverse analysis techniques, providing a 1-D shear-beam soil response at the sensor array location. Liquefaction was triggered, as defined by an excess porewater pressure ratio (ru) of 1.0, but the shear strains at triggering in the well graded sand were significantly less than the strains in the poorly graded sand. During cyclic mobility, strain accumulation in the well graded sand occurred at a slower rate. This study demonstrates that liquefaction triggering and the post-triggering response for saturated sands needs to consider gradation characteristics and clean poorly graded sands cannot act as a single predictor of dynamic response for all sand gradations.more » « less
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Rahman and Jaksa (Ed.)The standard of practice when assessing the seismic performance of well graded sands, is to assume the response is similar to poorly graded clean sands, which comprise the majority of the liquefaction case history database. Using the 9-m radius centrifuge at UC Davis, an experiment was designed to elucidate the system-level liquefaction triggering response for a poorly graded and well graded sand. The experiment consisted of two identical 10-degree slopes positioned side-by-side in the same model container, with one slope constructed with a well graded sand and the other with a poorly graded sand. The D10 grain size was the similar for both gradations and therefore the permeability was comparable. The slopes were dry pluviated to the same relative density of Dr=63%, while the absolute densities were different. The dynamic response of both slopes was similar up until liquefaction triggering, with both sands reaching excess pore pressure ratios close to unity within 1-2 cycles of loading. Following the onset of liquefaction, the well graded sand exhibited strong dilative tendencies and embankment deformations attenuated rapidly during successive loading cycles, while the poorly graded sand embankment continued to deform. This study demonstrates that the posttriggering response of well graded and poorly graded sands differ due to their different absolute densities and dilatancies for the same relative density. It is expected that findings from this research will lead to a more rational accounting of gradation properties in the evaluation of and design for liquefaction effects, as well as the interpretation of case histories.more » « less
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784484043.043
