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Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern conditions, and many flora and fauna evolved into the same taxa that exist today. Miocene climate was dynamic: long periods of early and late glaciation bracketed a ∼2 Myr greenhouse interval—the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). Floras, faunas, ice sheets, precipitation,pCO2, and ocean and atmospheric circulation mostly (but not ubiquitously) covaried with these large changes in climate. With higher temperatures and moderately higherpCO2(∼400–600 ppm), the MCO has been suggested as a particularly appropriate analog for future climate scenarios, and for assessing the predictive accuracy of numerical climate models—the same models that are used to simulate future climate. Yet, Miocene conditions have proved difficult to reconcile with models. This implies either missing positive feedbacks in the models, a lack of knowledge of past climate forcings, or the need for re‐interpretation of proxies, which might mitigate the model‐data discrepancy. Our understanding of Miocene climatic, biogeochemical, and oceanic changes on broad spatial and temporal scales is still developing. New records documenting the physical, chemical, and biotic aspects of the Earth system are emerging, and together provide a more comprehensive understanding of this important time interval. Here, we review the state‐of‐the‐art in Miocene climate, ocean circulation, biogeochemical cycling, ice sheet dynamics, and biotic adaptation research as inferred through proxy observations and modeling studies.
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Historical specimens and the limits of subspecies phylogenomics in the New World quails (Odontophoridae)
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Budak, Ceren; Cha, Meeyoung; Quercia, D.; Xie, Lexing (Ed.)We present a large-scale characterization of the Manosphere, a conglomerate of Web-based misogynist movements focused on “men’s issues,” which has prospered online. Analyzing 28.8M posts from 6 forums and 51 subreddits, we paint a comprehensive picture of its evolution across the Web, showing the links between its different communities over the years. We find that milder and older communities, such as Pick Up Artists and Men’s Rights Activists, are giving way to more extreme ones like Incels and Men Going Their Own Way, with a substantial migration of active users. Moreover, our analysis suggests that these newer communities are more toxic and misogynistic than the older ones.more » « less
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Let p ∈ Z p\in {\mathbb {Z}} be an odd prime. We show that the fiber sequence for the cyclotomic trace of the sphere spectrum S {\mathbb {S}} admits an “eigensplitting” that generalizes known splittings on K K -theory and T C TC . We identify the summands in the fiber as the covers of Z p {\mathbb {Z}}_{p} -Anderson duals of summands in the K ( 1 ) K(1) -localized algebraic K K -theory of Z {\mathbb {Z}} . Analogous results hold for the ring Z {\mathbb {Z}} where we prove that the K ( 1 ) K(1) -localized fiber sequence is self-dual for Z p {\mathbb {Z}}_{p} -Anderson duality, with the duality permuting the summands by i ↦ p − i i\mapsto p-i (indexed mod p − 1 p-1 ). We explain an intrinsic characterization of the summand we call Z Z in the splitting T C ( Z ) p ∧ ≃ j ∨ Σ j ′ ∨ Z TC({\mathbb {Z}})^{\wedge }_{p}\simeq j \vee \Sigma j’\vee Z in terms of units in the p p -cyclotomic tower of Q p {\mathbb {Q}}_{p} .more » « less
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107559
