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From wool to Kevlar, one-dimensional (1D) fiber has experienced the transition from clothing materials to structural applications in the past centuries. However, the recent advancements in tooling engineering and manufacturing processes have attracted much attention from both academia and industry to fabricate novel, versatile fibers with unique microstructures and unprecedented properties. This mini-review focuses on the fabrication techniques of porous, coaxial, layer-by-layer, and segmented fibers with continuous solution and melt fiber spinning methods. In each section of this review article, the unique structure-related applications, including intelligent devices, healthcare devices, energy storage systems, wearable electronics, and sustainable products, are discussed and evaluated. Finally, the combination of additive manufacturing (AM) for 1D fiber patterning in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) devices, in addition to challenges in the reviewed fiber microstructures, is briefly introduced in the conclusion section.
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3D Continuously Porous Graphene for Energy Applications
Abstract Constructing bulk graphene materials with well‐reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template‐based and template‐free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo‐periodic minimal surfaces. The 3D graphene can well preserve the properties of 2D graphene of being highly conductive, surface abundant, and mechanically robust, together with unique 2D electronic behaviors. Additionally, the bicontinuous porosity and large curvature offer new functionalities, such as rapid mass transport, ample open space, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electric/thermal conductivity. Particularly, the 3D curvature provides a new degree of freedom for tailoring the catalysis and transport properties of graphene. The 3D graphene with those extraordinary properties has shown great promises for a wide range of applications, especially for energy conversion and storage. This article overviews the recent advances made in addressing the challenges of developing 3D continuously porous graphene, the benefits and opportunities of the new materials for energy‐related applications, and the remaining challenges that warrant future study.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1804320
- PAR ID:
- 10367830
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Materials
- Volume:
- 34
- Issue:
- 15
- ISSN:
- 0935-9648
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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