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1. Analysis of Positional Tracking Space Usage when using Teleportation

   https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW52623.2021.00122  

   Prithul, Aniruddha ; Folmer, Eelke ( March 2021 , 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW))

   null (Ed.)

   Teleportation is a widely used virtual locomotion technique that allows users to navigate beyond the confines of available tracking space with a low possibility of inducing VR sickness. Because teleportation requires little physical effort and lets users traverse large distances instantly, a risk is that over time users might only use teleportation and abandon walking input. This paper provides insight into this risk by presenting results from a study that analyzes tracking space usage of three popular commercially available VR games that rely on teleportation. Our study confirms that positional tracking usage is limited by the use of teleportation. 

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2. Walking and Teleportation in Wide-area Virtual Reality Experiences

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR50242.2020.00088  

   Sayyad, Ehsan ; Sra, Misha ; Höllerer, Tobias ( November 2020 , International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality)

   Location-based or Out-of-Home Entertainment refers to experiences such as theme and amusement parks, laser tag and paintball arenas, roller and ice skating rinks, zoos and aquariums, or science centers and museums among many other family entertainment and cultural venues. More recently, location-based VR has emerged as a new category of out-of-home entertainment. These VR experiences can be likened to social entertainment options such as laser tag, where physical movement is an inherent part of the experience versus at-home VR experiences where physical movement often needs to be replaced by artificial locomotion techniques due to tracking space constraints. In this work, we present the first VR study to understand the impact of natural walking in a large physical space on presence and user preference. We compare it with teleportation in the same large space, since teleportation is the most commonly used locomotion technique for consumer, at-home VR. Our results show that walking was overwhelmingly preferred by the participants and teleportation leads to significantly higher self-reported simulator sickness. The data also shows a trend towards higher self-reported presence for natural walking. 

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3. Does Teleporting Length Affect Spatial Awareness?

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct60411.2023.00034  

   Yao, Qinchen ; Zhao, Yu ; Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. ; Stefanucci, Jeanine K. ; Bodenheimer, Bobby ( October 2023 , 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct))

   Teleporting, or jumping, is a common method of moving through virtual environments. It provides a simple user interface, but deprives users of self-motion cues that are important to acquiring spatial knowledge. This paper examines one parameter of the teleportation interface, the teleportation or jump distance, and how that may affect spatial knowledge acquisition. We report the results of an experiment that examined the effects of two different, but fixed teleportation distances on how users could acquire knowledge of landmarks and routes. The results suggest that the teleport distance does not matter, hence teleportation as an interface is robust. However, use of teleportation resulted in significantly increased simulator sickness, a surprising result. 

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4. Does teleporting length affect spatial awareness?

   Yao, Q. ; Zhao, Y ; Creem-Regehr, S. H. ; Stefanucci, J. K. ; Bodenheimer, B. ( September 2023 , ISMAR-Adjunct workshop on Perception, Cognition, Comfort and User Safety)

   Teleporting, or jumping, is a common method of moving through virtual environments. It provides a simple user interface, but deprives users of self-motion cues that are important to acquiring spatial knowledge. This paper examines one parameter of the teleportation interface, the teleportation or jump distance, and how that may affect spatial knowledge acquisition. We report the results of an experiment that examined the effects of two different, but fixed teleportation distances on how users could acquire knowledge of landmarks and routes. The results suggest that the teleport distance does not matter, hence teleportation as an interface is robust. However, use of teleportation resulted in significantly increased simulator sickness, a surprising result. 

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5. Exploration of Large Omnidirectional Images in Immersive Environments

   https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8797777  

   Mirhosseini, Seyedkoosha ; Ghahremani, Parmida ; Ojar, Sushant ; Marino, Joseph ; Kaufrnan, Arie ( March 2019 , 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR))

   Abstract: Navigation is a major challenge in exploring data within immersive environments, especially of large omnidirectional spherical images. We propose a method of auto-scaling to allow users to navigate using teleportation within the safe boundary of their physical environment with different levels of focus. Our method combines physical navigation with virtual teleportation. We also propose a “peek then warp” behavior when using a zoom lens and evaluate our system in conjunction with different teleportation transitions, including a proposed transition for exploration of omnidirectional and 360-degree panoramic imagery, termed Envelop, wherein the destination view expands out from the zoom lens to completely envelop the user. In this work, we focus on visualizing and navigating large omnidirectional or panoramic images with application to GIS visualization as an inside-out omnidirectional image of the earth. We conducted two user studies to evaluate our techniques over a search and comparison task. Our results illustrate the advantages of our techniques for navigation and exploration of omnidirectional images in an immersive environment. 

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