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Title: Why So Toxic?: Measuring and Triggering Toxic Behavior in Open-Domain Chatbots
Award ID(s):
1942610 2114407 2046590 2114411
PAR ID:
10399974
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
Page Range / eLocation ID:
2659 to 2673
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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  1. Abstract

    TheMicrocystismobilome is a well-known but understudied component of this bloom-forming cyanobacterium. Through genomic and transcriptomic comparisons, we found five families of transposases that altered the expression of genes in the well-studied toxigenic type-strain,Microcystis aeruginosaPCC 7086, and a non-toxigenic genetic mutant,Microcystis aeruginosaPCC 7806 ΔmcyB. Since its creation in 1997, the ΔmcyBstrain has been used in comparative physiology studies against the wildtype strain by research labs throughout the world. Some differences in gene expression between what were thought to be otherwise genetically identical strains have appeared due to insertion events in both intra- and intergenic regions. In our ΔmcyBisolate, a sulfate transporter gene cluster (sbp-cysTWA) showed differential expression from the wildtype, which may have been caused by the insertion of a miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) in the sulfate-binding protein gene (sbp). Differences in growth in sulfate-limited media also were also observed between the two isolates. This paper highlights howMicrocystisstrains continue to “evolve” in lab conditions and illustrates the importance of insertion sequences / transposable elements in shaping genomic and physiological differences betweenMicrocystisstrains thought otherwise identical. This study forces the necessity of knowing the complete genetic background of isolates in comparative physiological experiments, to facilitate the correct conclusions (and caveats) from experiments.

     
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