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We investigate the effects of micellar entanglement number on the kinetics of shear banding flow formation in a Taylor–Couette flow. Three sets of wormlike micellar solutions, each set with a similar fluid elasticity and zero-shear-rate viscosity, but with varying entanglement densities, are studied under the startup of steady shear. Our experiments indicate that in the set with low fluid elasticity, the transient shear banding flow is characterized by the formation of a transient flow reversal in a range of entanglement densities. Outside of this range, the transient flow reversal is not observed. For the sets of medium and high elasticities, the transient flow reversals exist for relatively small entanglement densities and disappear for large entanglement densities. Our analysis shows that wall slip and elastic instabilities do not affect the transient flow feature. We identify a correlation between micellar entanglement number, the width of the stress plateau, and the extent of the transient flow reversal. As the micellar entanglement number increases, the width of the stress plateau first increases; then, at a higher micellar entanglement number, the plateau width decreases. Therefore, we hypothesize that the transient flow reversal is connected to the micellar entanglement number through the width of the stress plateau.
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Kinetics of shear banding flow formation in linear and branched wormlike micelles
We investigate the flow evolution of a linear and a branched wormlike micellar solution with matched rheology in a Taylor–Couette (TC) cell using a combination of particle-tracking velocimetry, birefringence, and turbidity measurements. Both solutions exhibit a stress plateau within a range of shear rates. Under startup of a steady shear rate flow within the stress plateau, both linear and branched samples exhibit strong transient shear thinning flow profiles. However, while the flow of the linear solution evolves to a banded structure at longer times, the flow of the branched solution transitions to a curved velocity profile with no evidence of shear banding. Flow-induced birefringence measurements indicate transient birefringence banding with strong micellar alignment in the high shear band for the linear solution. The transient flow-induced birefringence is stronger for the branched system at an otherwise identical Wi. At longer times, the birefringence bands are replaced by a chaotic flow reminiscent of elastic instabilities. Visualization of the flow-induced turbidity in the velocity gradient-vorticity plane reveals quasi-steady banding with a turbidity contrast between high and low shear bands in the linear solution. However, the turbidity evolves uniformly within the gap of the TC cell for the branched solution, corroborating the non-banded quasi-steady velocimetry results. Finally, we show that while elastic instabilities in the linear solution emerge in the high shear band, the flow of branched solution at high Wi becomes unstable due to end effects, with growing end regions that ultimately span the entire axial length of the TC cell.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1942150
- PAR ID:
- 10404165
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Soft Matter
- Volume:
- 18
- Issue:
- 32
- ISSN:
- 1744-683X
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 6079 to 6093
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d2sm00748g
