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The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) tracks the restoration of the North American transmission system after events which test the grid resilience and reliability. Quantifying and analyzing these historical events is a foundation for studying and maintaining resilience. After showing that the largest recent events are dominated by extreme weather events, the paper analyzes these events by extracting the restore process for each event and defining, calculating, and discussing various metrics that quantify the restoration. The metrics include a duration metric of time to substantial restoration. In 2021, Hurricane Ida was the largest resilience event in the North American system. A case study of Hurricane Ida analyzes the generator outages and restoration as well as the transmission system outages and restoration.
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Extracting Resilience Statistics from Utility Data in Distribution Grids
It is useful to quantify electrical distribution system resilience based on historical performance. This paper systematically extracts resilience curves from historical utility outage data, extracts resilience metrics such as duration, average recovery rates, and maximum number of simultaneously outaged components, and examines the statistics of these resilience metrics for small, medium, and large events. The resilience metrics and their typical variabilities are expected to be helpful in predicting and bounding the likely outcomes of future resilience events. For example, we can calculate the restoration time that will be achieved with 95% confidence.
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- PAR ID:
- 10404706
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1 to 5
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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We automatically extract resilience events and novel outage and restore processes from standard transmission utility detailed outage data. This new processing is applied to the outage data collected in NERC’s Transmission Availability Data System to introduce and analyze statistics that quantify resilience of the transmission system against extreme weather events. These metrics (such as outage rate and duration, number of elements outaged, rated capacity outaged, restore duration, maximum simultaneous outages, and element-days lost) are calculated for all large weather-related events on the North American transmission system from 2015 to 2020 and then by extreme weather type that caused them such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and winter storms. Finally, we study how performance of the system changed with respect to the resilience metrics by season and year.more » « less
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Among current priorities of the power system analysis is the development of metrics and computational tools for the resilience analysis during catastrophic events. New methods and tools are required for such an analysis and they have to be validated prior application to real systems. However, benchmark problems are not readily available due to the analysis novelty. The current paper presents a case based on the IEEE 14-bus system for this purpose. The grid is simplified to a graph with nodes representing generators, loads, and buses. Power inputs are imported from real-time simulations of the IEEE 14-bus system. Outcomes of all possible combinations of failed elements are presented in terms of probabilities for the grid to survive, partially survive, or fail. Only the power grid's ability to withstand adverse events (survivability) is analyzed. The grid's recoverability, the other part of the resilience analysis, is not considered.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM41954.2020.9281596
