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1. A V-band Phased-Array Antenna for Millimeter-Wave-Based 3D Beam Steering Applications

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886330  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Roy, Sunanda; Mahbub, Ifana (September 2022, 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI))

   This paper presents a compact phased-array antenna for efficient and high-gain millimeter-wave-based 3D beam steering applications. The proposed antenna array consists of 2 × 2 unit cells and each unit cell is a sub-array comprising of 2 × 2 patch elements connected to microstrip lines that are co-fed by a single coaxial cable. Two 45° phase shifting lines are incorporated in each sub-array to facilitate the wide beamsteering range. The dimensions of the proposed phased array antenna are 24 × 24 × 0.324 mm 3 . Simulation results show that the proposed phased-array antenna has a resonating frequency at 58.4 GHz with an operational bandwidth from 50.1 GHz to 77.5 GHz along with a high gain of 26.8 dBi. The array exhibits a maximum beam steering range of 105° in the elevation plane and 195° in the azimuth plane with a gain variation less than 0.9 dBi. 

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2. Design of a Compact 24 GHz Antenna Array for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886200  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Roy, Sunanda; Mahbub, Ifana (September 2022, 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI))

   This paper presents the design of a compact 4 × 4 antenna array suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication applications. The proposed antenna array can offer a narrow beamwidth, high gain, wide beam steering capability and is highly compact. The substrate material used is Rogers 5880 with a thickness of 0.2 mm, and copper is used for the patch and ground material with 0.14 mm thickness. The di-electric constant and the tangent loss of the Rogers substrate are 2.2 and 0.0004, respectively. 45° phase shifters are incorporated in the feeding paths to facilitate the beamsteering. The dimensions of the proposed antenna array are 32 × 32 × 0.48 mm 3 . The designed antenna array has the resonating frequency at 24 GHz and has a bandwidth of 0.83 GHz (3.5% fractional bandwidth). The measured far field gain of the designed antenna array is 16.7 dBi. The beamwidth derived from the array’s far-field radiation pattern is 14.6°, and the maximum beam steering range of the array is 102° along the θ axis. 

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3. Wideband Patch Antenna with Modified L-Probe Feeding for mmWave 5G Mobile Applications

   https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163119  

   Lee, Woncheol; Won, Hoyun; Hong, Yang-Ki; Choi, Minyeong; An, Sung-Yong (August 2024, Electronics)

   This paper presents a wideband low-profile dual-polarized patch antenna with helical-shaped L-probe feeding (HLF) for mmWave 5G mobile device applications. Parametric studies on the HLF structure are performed to identify the optimal specifications. As a result, the optimized antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 5.4 GHz (24.2–29.6 GHz), good isolation > 18 dB between ports, and 5.1 dBi of good peak realized gain, which is experimentally verified with a 10× upscaled antenna. In addition, various one × four phased arrays with different port configurations and beamform capabilities are designed and simulated for the peak realized gain. The designed antenna array shows a high peak realized gain of 10 dBi, high isolation of 15 dB between the ports, and a small substrate thickness of 0.048λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength of 24.25 GHz). Compared to the state-of-the-art antennas, the designed dual-polarized antenna can operate in the frequency ranges of 24.25–29.6 GHz, including n257, n258, and n261 of the 5G new radio frequency range 2. 

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4. Modeling and Optimization of the Steering Range of a Phased Array Antenna for Neuromodulation Applications in the Near-Field Region

   https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI52151.2023.10238083  

   Saha, Nabanita; Mahbub, Ifana (July 2023, 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI))

   This paper presents modeling and optimization of the steering range of a microstrip planar phased array antenna to steer the unidirectional near-field focused beam towards a certain direction. This antenna can be implemented in headstage-based neural stimulation system and wireless recording system for optogenetic neuromodulation applications. The proposed phased-array antenna consists of sixteen elements that are designed to provide a uniform power transmission over the 27 cm×23 cm×16 cm rat behavioral cage area. The proposed transmitter (TX) antenna implements a near-field-based wireless power transmission system operating at 2.4 GHz frequency. The phased array antenna steers the beam from -30° to 60° in the elevation plane by feeding the individual elements with different phases using four 4-bit phase shifters. A design analysis of the beam-steering approach of the phased array antenna is presented and the corresponding simulation and measurement results are included in this paper. 

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5. A 4 by 10 series 60 GHz microstrip array antenna fed by butler matrix for 5G applications

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WAMICON.2018.8363899  

   Liu, Yuqiao; Bshara, Oday; Tekin, Ibrahim; Dandekar, Kapil R. (April 2018, 2018 IEEE 19th Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON))

   This paper presents a low-cost, beam-steerable 4 × 10 antenna array system operating at 60 GHz. The proposed antenna system is fed by a 4 × 10 Butler Matrix network designed using microstrip line (ML) structure. Chebyshev tapered microstrip antenna arrays with 10 series-fed elements are connected to four output ports of the feed network. Four steerable beams with maximum 16.5 dBi system gain and 1GHz bandwidth(BW) satisfy the requirements of millimeter wave propagation study and handset application for 5G communication. 

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