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1. Comment un électron induit un dommage oxydatif dans l’ADN

   Ma, Jun; Denisov, Sergey; Adhikary, Amitava A; Mostafavi, Mehran (January 2020, Les Actualités chimiques)

   null (Ed.)

   How can an electron induce oxidative damage in DNA DNA damage caused by the dissociative electron attachment (DEA) has been well-studied in the gas and solid phases. However, understanding of this process at the fundamental level in solution is still a challenge. The electrons, after losing their kinetic energy via ionization and excitation events, are thermalized and undergo a multistep hydration process with a time constant of ca. ≤ 1 ps, to becoming fully trapped as a hydrated or solvated electron (esol- or eaq-). Prior to the formation of esol-, the electron exists in its presolvated (or prehydrated) state (epre-) with no kinetic energy. We used picosecond pulse radiolysis to generate electrons in water or in liquid diethylene glycol (DEG) to observe the dynamics of capture of these electrons by DNA/RNA bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. In diethylene glycol, we demonstrate that unlike esol- and epre-, eqf- effectively attaches itself to the RNA-nucleoside, ribothymidine, forming the excited state of the anion that undergoes the N1-C1 ́ glycosidic bond dissociation. Thanks to DEA, this process induced in fact by eqf- leads to an oxidation of the parent molecule similar to the hydroxyl radical (•OH), leading to the same glycosidic bond (N1-C1 ́) cleavage. 

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2. NIST's Software Un-Standards

   Choi, Bryan H (March 2024, Lawfare)

   The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has become a beacon of hope for those who trust in federal standards for software and AI safety. Moreover, lawmakers and commentators have indicated that compliance with NIST standards ought to shield entities from liability. With more than a century of expertise in scientific research and standard-setting, NIST would seem to be uniquely qualified to develop such standards. But as I argue in this paper, this faith is misplaced. NIST’s latest forays in risk management frameworks disavow concrete metrics or outcomes, and solicit voluntary participation instead of providing stable mandates. That open-ended approach can be attributed to the reversal of NIST’s prior efforts to promulgate federal software standards during the 1970s and 1980s. The failure of those federal regulatory efforts highlights fundamental challenges inherent in software development that continue to persist today. Policymakers should draw upon the lessons of NIST’s experience and recognize that federal standards are unlikely to be the silver bullet. Instead, they should heed NIST’s admonition that the practice of software development remains deeply fragmented for other intrinsic reasons. Any effort to establish a universal standard of care must grapple with the need to accommodate the broad heterogeneity of accepted practices in the field. 

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3. The (Un)Surprising Kindergarten Path

   Ovans, Z.; Huang, Y.; Feldman, N. (January 2020, Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society)

   null (Ed.)
4. The (Un)Surprising Kindergarten Path

   Ovans, Z.; Huang, Y.; Feldman, N. (January 2020, Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society)

   null (Ed.)
5. (Un)stable matchings with blocking costs

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2021.07.005  

   Faenza, Yuri; Mourtos, Ioannis; Samaris, Michalis; Sethuraman, Jay (September 2021, Operations Research Letters)