Abstract The exact expressions for the dipole, quadrupole, and octupoles of a collection ofNpoint charges involve summations of corresponding tensors over theNsites weighted by their charge magnitudes. When the point charges are atoms (in a molecule) theN‐site formula is an approximation, and one must integrate over the electron density to recover the exact multipoles. In the present work we revisit theN(N + 1)/2‐site point charge density model of Hall (Chem. Phys. Lett.6, 501, 1973) for the purpose of fitting ab initio derived multipole moment hypersurfaces using permutationally invariant polynomials (PIP). We examine new approaches in PIP‐fitting procedures for the dipole, quadrupole, octupole moments, and polarizability tensor surfaces (DMS, QMS, OMS and PTS, respectively) for a non‐polar CCl4and a polar CHCl3and show that compared to the primitiveN‐site model theN(N + 1)/2‐site model appreciably improves the relative RMSE of the DMS and does much more substantially so, by an order of magnitude, for the corresponding ones of QMS and OMS. Training datasets are obtained by sampling potential energies up to 18 000 cm−1above the global minima, generated by molecular dynamics simulations at the DFT B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level of theory.
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A Fermi resonance and a parallel-proton-transfer overtone in the Raman spectrum of linear centrosymmetric N4H+: A polarizability-driven first principles molecular dynamics study
We present molecular dynamics (MD), polarizability driven MD (α-DMD), and pump–probe simulations of Raman spectra of the protonated nitrogen dimer N4H+, and some of its isotopologues, using the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)]-F12b/aug-cc-pVTZ based potential energy surface in permutationally invariant polynomials (PIPs) of Yu et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 119, 11623 (2015)] and a corresponding PIP-derived CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ-tr (N:spd, H:sp) polarizability tensor surface (PTS), the latter reported here for the first time. To represent the PTS in terms of a PIP basis, we utilize a recently described formulation for computing the polarizability using a many-body expansion in the orders of dipole–dipole interactions while generating a training set using a novel approach based on linear regression for potential energy distributions. The MD/α-DMD simulations reveal (i) a strong Raman activity at 260 and 2400 cm−1, corresponding to the symmetric N–N⋯H bend and symmetric N–N stretch modes, respectively; (ii) a very broad spectral region in the 500–2000 cm−1 range, assignable to the parallel N⋯H+⋯N proton transfer overtone; and (iii) the presence of a Fermi-like resonance in the Raman spectrum near 2400 cm−1 between the Σg+ N–N stretch fundamental and the Πu overtone corresponding to perpendicular N⋯H+⋯N proton transfer.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1855583
- PAR ID:
- 10473174
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- The Journal of Chemical Physics
- Volume:
- 157
- Issue:
- 15
- ISSN:
- 0021-9606
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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