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1. North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological and Dissolved Oxygen Data - Trout Lake Buoy 2004 - current

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/77d0536191a56c7dc32dbf5f6ec567be  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor, a thermistor chain, and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, and lake metabolism. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. The D-Opto dissolved oxygen sensor is 0.5m from the lake surface. Meteorological sensors measure wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and barometric pressure. Starting in 2005, thermistors were placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 14m and every 2 to 4m from 14m to the bottom of the water column at 31m. In July 2006, a new thermistor chain was deployed with thermistors placed every meter from the surface through a depth of 19 meters. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Data are averaged to daily values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2006. Daily values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2007. Data are averaged to hourly values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2008, Hourly values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2009. Hourly and daily values may not be current with high resolution data in the current year. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1 

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2. The influence of carbon cycling on oxygen depletion in north-temperate lakes

   https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5211-2023  

   Delany, Austin; Ladwig, Robert; Buelo, Cal; Albright, Ellen; Hanson, Paul C. (January 2023, Biogeosciences)

   Abstract. Hypolimnetic oxygen depletion during summer stratification in lakes can lead to hypoxic and anoxic conditions. Hypolimnetic anoxia is a water quality issue with many consequences, including reduced habitat for cold-water fish species, reduced quality of drinking water, and increased nutrient and organic carbon (OC) release from sediments. Both allochthonous and autochthonous OC loads contribute to oxygen depletion by providing substrate for microbial respiration; however, their relative contributions to oxygen depletion across diverse lake systems remain uncertain. Lake characteristics, such as trophic state, hydrology, and morphometry, are also influential in carbon-cycling processes and may impact oxygen depletion dynamics. To investigate the effects of carbon cycling on hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, we used a two-layer process-based lake model to simulate daily metabolism dynamics for six Wisconsin lakes over 20 years (1995–2014). Physical processes and internal metabolic processes were included in the model and were used to predict dissolved oxygen (DO), particulate OC (POC), and dissolved OC (DOC). In our study of oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes, we found autochthony to be far more important than allochthony to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion. Autochthonous POC respiration in the water column contributed the most towards hypolimnetic oxygen depletion in the eutrophic study lakes. POC water column respiration and sediment respiration had similar contributions in the mesotrophic and oligotrophic study lakes. Differences in terms of source of respiration are discussed with consideration of lake productivity and the processing and fates of organic carbon loads. 

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3. North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Sparkling Lake Raft 1989 - current

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/52ceba5984c4497d158093f32b23b76d  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from depths ranging from the surface to 18m at an interval of 0.5m near the surface to a one-meter interval throughout the rest of the water column. The surface temperature sensor is attached to a float so it's as close to the surface as feasible. Sampling frequency is currently one minute with hourly and daily averages provided. Number of sites: 1 

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4. Modeled Organic Carbon, Dissolved Oxygen, and Secchi for six Wisconsin Lakes, 1995-2014

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/1b5b947999aa2f9e0e95c91782b36ee9  

   Delany, Austin (January 2022, Environmental Data Initiative)

   This data package contains model output data, driving data, and supplemental information for a two-layer modeling study that investigated organic carbon and oxygen dynamics within six Wisconsin lakes over a twenty-year period (1995-2014). The six lakes are Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Trout Lake, Allequash Lake, Big Muskellunge Lake, and Sparkling Lake. The model output includes daily predictions of six state variables: labile particulate organic carbon, recalcitrant particulate organic carbon, labile dissolved organic carbon, recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, and Secchi depth. The output also includes daily predictions of physical and metabolism fluxes that were used in the prediction of the state variables. This data package also contains model driving data for each lake and other supplemental information that was calculated during the modeling runs. 

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5. High-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and radiation data; stream and in-lake nutrient concentration data; and daily metabolism and nutrient loading estimates for 16 lakes in North America and Northern Europe.

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/ba8861853e02b19c9693cb100f722a02  

   Corman, Jessica; Zwart, Jacob; Klug, Jennifer; Bruesewitz, Denise; de Eyto, Elvira; Klaus, Marcus; Knoll, Lesley; Rusak, James; Vanni, Michael; Alfonso, Maria Belen; et al (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   In lakes, ecosystem structure and processes are influenced by gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP). The rates of these metabolic processes are often controlled by resource availability, which often reflects catchment loads. Although the relationship between catchment loads and in-lake nutrient concentrations may be well defined in specific lakes, we explored how watershed vs. in-lake predictors of metabolism compare across lake types. To do this, we combined stream loads of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) with high frequency in situ monitoring of lake metabolism and in-lake C, N, and P concentrations from 16 lakes spanning a range of latitudes (39 to 64 degrees N), inflowing stream (0 - 6 streams), and trophic status (oligotrophic to eutrophic). The data package includes high-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation data as well as daily estimates of GPP, R, and NEP derived from those data. In addition, the data package includes in-lake and stream concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus and stream discharge data. The package also includes estimates of daily carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus loading to each lake derived from the stream concentrations and discharge. 

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