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1. North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological and Dissolved Oxygen Data - Trout Lake Buoy 2004 - current

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/77d0536191a56c7dc32dbf5f6ec567be  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor, a thermistor chain, and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, and lake metabolism. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. The D-Opto dissolved oxygen sensor is 0.5m from the lake surface. Meteorological sensors measure wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and barometric pressure. Starting in 2005, thermistors were placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 14m and every 2 to 4m from 14m to the bottom of the water column at 31m. In July 2006, a new thermistor chain was deployed with thermistors placed every meter from the surface through a depth of 19 meters. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Data are averaged to daily values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2006. Daily values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2007. Data are averaged to hourly values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2008, Hourly values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2009. Hourly and daily values may not be current with high resolution data in the current year. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1 

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2. North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Lake Mendota Buoy 2006 - current

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/2d6db053cfe03be2ddd3fbc0d86a6fb3  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The instrumented buoy on Lake Mendota is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature. In 2006, the thermistors were placed every half-meter from the surface through 7m, and every meter from 7m to 15m. Since 2007, the thermistors were placed every half-meter from the surface through 2m, and every meter from 2m to 20m. The sensor at the water surface is as close to the surface as feasible. A list of sensors used since the first deployment in 2006 is provided as a downloadable CSV file. Hourly and daily water temperature averages are computed from high resolution (1 minute) data. Sampling Frequency: one minute. Number of sites: 1. Location lat/long: 43.0995, -89.4045 

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3. North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological and Dissolved Oxygen Data - Sparkling Lake Raft 1989 - current

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/9d054e35fb0b8d3a36b49b5e7a35f48f  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake is equipped with a dissolved oxygen and CO2 sensors, a thermistor chain, and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, evaporation rates, and lake metabolism. Estimating the flux of solutes to and from lakes requires accurate water budgets. Evaporation rates are a critical component of the water budget of lakes. Data from the instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake includes micrometeorological parameters from which evaporation can be calculated. Raft measurements of relative humidity and air temperature (2m height), wind velocity (2m) ,and water temperatures (from thermistors placed throughout the water column at intervals varying from 0.5 to 3m) are combined with measurements of total long-wave and short-wave radiation data from a nearby shore station to determine evaporation by the energy budget technique. Comparable evaporation estimates from mass transfer techniques are calibrated against energy budget estimates to produce a lake-specific mass transfer coefficient for use in estimating evaporation rates. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Other parameters measured include precipitation, wind direction (beginning in 2008), and barometric pressure (beginning in 2008). Sampling Frequency: one minute with hourly and daily averages provided. Number of sites: 1. 

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4. North Temperate Lakes LTER: Multiparameter Water Quality Data -- CFL Pier, Lake Mendota.

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/d19954fc9cbf86d09c693241b6c977c5  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2025, Environmental Data Initiative)

   This is data from a SUNA V2 nitrate sensor and a YSI EXO 2 sonde instrumented with water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll, phycocyanin, conductivity, turbidity, and fDOM sensors. The sensors are located at the lake end of the pier serving the Center for Limnology on the UW-Madison campus. The YSI sonde is fixed on the pier with sensors nominally at 0.5 meters depth, while the SUNA is suspended below the pier at one meter depth in the open water season. In the winter season, the SUNA is placed in a cage on the lake bottom close to shore with the sensor 18cm off the bottom. The depth of the sensors will vary with lake level over the season. The water depth at the lake end of the pier is normally about 3 meters. YSI sonde data are sampled once per minute. Hourly and daily averages are provided as separate CSV files. The SUNA sample rate varies. In the winter (under the ice) it relies on single battery charge, so the wiper is deactivated and the sensor samples every 1-2 hours. Daily averages of SUNA are also provided as a separate CSV. The YSI sonde is deployed only during the ice-free season coinciding with the placement of the pier. Sensors are cleaned and maintained roughly every two weeks. Number of sites: 1. Location lat/long: 43.07758, -89.40297 

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5. North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Sparkling Lake Raft 1989 - current

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/52ceba5984c4497d158093f32b23b76d  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from depths ranging from the surface to 18m at an interval of 0.5m near the surface to a one-meter interval throughout the rest of the water column. The surface temperature sensor is attached to a float so it's as close to the surface as feasible. Sampling frequency is currently one minute with hourly and daily averages provided. Number of sites: 1 

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