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1. Were the Superheavy Elements made in Space?

   https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430101001  

   Aprahamian, Ani (January 2024, EPJ Web of Conferences)

   Bijker, R; Marín_Lámbarri, DJ; Yépez_Martínez, TC (Ed.)

   A question for decades has been the potential production of heavy or superheavy elements in nature. Once the nuclear weapons tests showed that elements heavier than the Uranium were found in the debris, it was clear that a rapid neutron capture process followed by beta decay was creating heavier elements. The next question was the location of the r-process end? What other heavy elements are made? Did nature make the superheavy elements via the r-process too? The answer is yet to be found. There are many indications that it probably did but the definitive evidence is yet to surface. The laboratory experiments with neutron rich beams and neutron rich targets via cold and hot fusion reactions have created a number of new isotopes in addition to the elements that have completed the periodic table. Furthermore, the new superheavy element factory at the JINR in Dubna has now allowed the identification of over one hundred decay chains of the various isotopes of superheavy elements connecting to the main part of the chart of nuclides via decays. This is where we should look for the definitive evidence for the production of the superheavy elements in nature. 

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2. Were the Superheavies Made in the r -Process?

   https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2024.2336424  

   Aprahamian, Ani (April 2024, Nuclear Physics News)
3. Saliva Protein Genes in Humans were Shaped During Primate Evolution

   https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf165  

   Pajic, Petar; Landau, Luane; Gokcumen, Omer; Ruhl, Stefan (September 2025, Genome Biology and Evolution)

   Sohail, Mashaal (Ed.)

   Abstract Genes within the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein locus diversified along with the formation of a calcified skeleton in vertebrates, the emergence of tooth enamel in fish, and the introduction of lactation in mammals, at each stage marking major transitions in life history. The secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) locus also harbors genes expressed primarily and abundantly in the saliva of humans. Here, we explored the phylogeny and evolution of the saliva-related SCPP genes by harnessing available genomic and transcriptomic resources. We observe extensive diversification of SCPP genes within mammals, driven by gene duplications and losses, with the most pronounced changes occurring in the SCPP genes that are expressed in salivary glands. When comparing rodent and human SCPP genes, we concluded that regulatory shifts and gene turnover events likely facilitated the accelerated gain of salivary gland expression. In primate genomes, we found more recent duplication events that affected genes coding for proteins secreted in saliva. Several saliva-related SCPP genes in the primate lineage show signatures of positive selection, while the other genes in the SCPP locus remain conserved. Our results position saliva-related SCPP genes as highly malleable to evolutionary innovation. Variations shaped by dietary and pathogenic pressures likely influenced the functional properties of saliva proteins, impacting metabolic and immune-related traits in oral health among primates, including humans. 

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4. What if we were twice as close to the Sun? Interview findings from a science summer camp serving underrepresented youth

   https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3337762  

   Yi, Sherry; Lane, H.C.; Delialioglu, O. (August 2019, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games)

   Diversity has been a prevalent issue in the American STEM workforce for a number of years. Efforts to increase diversification have resulted in alternate learning spaces such as makerspaces, after school programs, and technology integrated curriculums. Our study, hosted at a non-profit organization serving underrepresented youth, leveraged the video game Minecraft (MC) as a way to engage summer campers in scientific concepts and inquiries over one week. Reoccurring themes from interviews include familial rules on technology use at home, engaging with STEM in a novel way, and a love for building and creating within MC. We discuss our insight into the discoveries and challenges of these types of STEM-oriented program that takes place in informal settings. 

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5. Machine-Learning-Based High-Resolution Earthquake Catalog Reveals How Complex Fault Structures Were Activated during the 2016–2017 Central Italy Sequence

   https://doi.org/10.1785/0320210001  

   Tan, Yen Joe; Waldhauser, Felix; Ellsworth, William L.; Zhang, Miao; Zhu, Weiqiang; Michele, Maddalena; Chiaraluce, Lauro; Beroza, Gregory C.; Segou, Margarita (April 2021, The Seismic Record)

   Abstract The 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence occurred on an 80 km long normal-fault system. The sequence initiated with the Mw 6.0 Amatrice event on 24 August 2016, followed by the Mw 5.9 Visso event on 26 October and the Mw 6.5 Norcia event on 30 October. We analyze continuous data from a dense network of 139 seismic stations to build a high-precision catalog of ∼900,000 earthquakes spanning a 1 yr period, based on arrival times derived using a deep-neural-network-based picker. Our catalog contains an order of magnitude more events than the catalog routinely produced by the local earthquake monitoring agency. Aftershock activity reveals the geometry of complex fault structures activated during the earthquake sequence and provides additional insights into the potential factors controlling the development of the largest events. Activated fault structures in the northern and southern regions appear complementary to faults activated during the 1997 Colfiorito and 2009 L’Aquila sequences, suggesting that earthquake triggering primarily occurs on critically stressed faults. Delineated major fault zones are relatively thick compared to estimated earthquake location uncertainties, and a large number of kilometer-long faults and diffuse seismicity were activated during the sequence. These properties might be related to fault age, roughness, and the complexity of inherited structures. The rich details resolvable in this catalog will facilitate continued investigation of this energetic and well-recorded earthquake sequence. 

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