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Abstract Stars can either be formed in or captured by the accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). These AGN stars are irradiated and subject to extreme levels of accretion, which can turn even low-mass stars into very massive ones (M> 100M⊙) whose evolution may result in the formation of massive compact objects (M> 10M⊙). Here we explore the spins of these AGN stars and the remnants they leave behind. We find that AGN stars rapidly spin up via accretion, eventually reaching near-critical rotation rates. They further maintain near-critical rotation even as they shed their envelopes, become compact, and undergo late stages of burning. This makes them good candidates to produce high-spin massive black holes, such as the ones seen by LIGO-Virgo in GW 190521g, as well as long gamma-ray bursts and the associated chemical pollution of the AGN disk.
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Model Organisms To Study Methanogenesis, a Uniquely Archaeal Metabolism
Methanogenic archaea are the only organisms that produce CH4as part of their energy-generating metabolism. They are ubiquitous in oxidant-depleted, anoxic environments such as aquatic sediments, anaerobic digesters, inundated agricultural fields, the rumen of cattle, and the hindgut of termites, where they catalyze the terminal reactions in the degradation of organic matter.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2148165
- PAR ID:
- 10504142
- Editor(s):
- Maupin-Furlow, Julie A.
- Publisher / Repository:
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Volume:
- 205
- Issue:
- 8
- ISSN:
- 0021-9193
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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