We construct the first examples of normal subgroups of mapping class groups that are isomorphic to non-free right-angled Artin groups. Our construction also gives normal, non-free right-angled Artin subgroups of other groups, such as braid groups and pure braid groups, as well as many subgroups of the mapping class group, such as the Torelli subgroup. Our work recovers and generalizes the seminal result of Dahmani–Guirardel–Osin, which gives free, purely pseudo-Anosov normal subgroups of mapping class groups. We give two applications of our methods: (1) we produce an explicit proper normal subgroup of the mapping class group that is not contained in any level $$m$$ congruence subgroup and (2) we produce an explicit example of a pseudo-Anosov mapping class with the property that all of its even powers have free normal closure and its odd powers normally generate the entire mapping class group. The technical theorem at the heart of our work is a new version of the windmill apparatus of Dahmani–Guirardel–Osin, which is tailored to the setting of group actions on the projection complexes of Bestvina–Bromberg–Fujiwara. 
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                            An exotic II$$_1$$ factor without property Gamma
                        
                    
    
            We introduce a new iterative amalgamated free product construction of II factors, and use it to construct a separable II factor which does not have property Gamma and is not elementarily equivalent to the free group factor $$L(F_n)$$, for any $$n\geq 2$$. This provides the first explicit example of two non-elementarily equivalent $$II_1$$ factors without property Gamma. Moreover, our construction also provides the first explicit example of a $$II_1$$ factor without property Gamma that is also not elementarily equivalent to any ultraproduct of matrix algebras. Our proofs use a blend of techniques from Voiculescu’s free entropy theory and Popa’s deformation/rigidity theory. 
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                            - Award ID(s):
- 2154637
- PAR ID:
- 10509747
- Publisher / Repository:
- Birkhauser
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Geometric and Functional Analysis
- Volume:
- 33
- Issue:
- 5
- ISSN:
- 1016-443X
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1243 to 1265
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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