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This study introduces a framework using acoustic phase bits (phibits) as classical analogs to quantum bits for realizing quantum-like gates. These phibits are realized on a metastructure composed of aluminum rods glued with epoxy. First, we realize a single phibit gate in a general form for a Bloch sphere representation, providing a foundation for implementing arbitrary gate operations on a single phibit. Second, within a single mathematical representation, we achieve either the Hadamard or NOT gate by applying the corresponding distinct physical actions for each. Third, we demonstrate the implementation of a sequence of two quantum-like gates, Hadamard followed by CNOT, using a single physical action. This illustrates the effectiveness of the phibit framework, which has the potential to simplify the implementation of a whole series of sequential gates into a single unified physical operation. Finally, we realize a universal set of gates, including the Hadamard, CNOT, and T gates, within a single mathematical representation with three distinctive actions. This approach addresses prior limitations of phibit-based gates, such as Hadamard and CNOT, which were implemented in separate mathematical representations, by introducing a unified framework that eliminates the need for distinct formulations maintaining computational efficiency.
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Classical Coherent States Based Quantum Information Processing and Quantum Computing Analogs
It has been recently demonstrated by Bellini’s group that macroscopic states, such as coherent states, can be entangled by the delocalized photon addition. Deymier’s group has shown that phase bits (phibits) gates implemented by employing the topological acoustics (TA) principles can be used to implement the TA-based quantum computing analogs. This motivates us to revisit our previous papers where we have already described how to implement the universal quantum gates in integrated optics using optical hybrid, directional coupler, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides, but in a different context. In this paper, we describe how to implement the universal set of quantum gates classical analogs in integrated optics by employing classical polarization states derived from classical coherent states. The main problem for integrated optics implementation on a single photon level has been to implement the controlled-phase gate because the existing optical nonlinear devices where incapable of introducing the π rad phase shift on a single photon level through the Kerr effect, which is not a problem at all when the classical polarization states are used instead. We also describe how to implement quantum qudit analogs based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) states and corresponding qudit gates. To highlight the importance of the proposed concepts, we experimentally demonstrate the controlled-phase gate analog operation between the classical coherent states.
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- PAR ID:
- 10520142
- Publisher / Repository:
- IEEE
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IEEE Access
- Volume:
- 12
- ISSN:
- 2169-3536
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 33569 to 33579
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Entanglement, Coherent states, Polarization states, Orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, Quantum computing, Integrated optics, Optical quantum computing analogs
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Other: pdf
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3370430
