skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: A New Paradigm Integrating the Concepts of Particle Abrasion and Breakage
This paper introduces a new paradigm that integrates the concepts of particle abrasion and breakage. Both processes can co-occur under loading as soil particles are subjected to friction as well as collisions between particles. Therefore, the significance of this integrating paradigm lies in its ability to address both abrasion and breakage in a single framework. The new paradigm is mapped out in a framework called the particle geometry space. The x-axis corresponds to the surface-area-to-volume ratio (A/V), while the y-axis represents volume (V). This space facilitates a holistic characterization of the four-particle geometry features, that is, shape (β) and size (D) as well as surface area (A) and volume (V). Three distinct paths (abrasion, breakage, and equally occurring abrasion and breakage processes), three limit lines (breakage line, sphere line, and average shape-conserving line), and five different zones are defined in the particle geometry space. Consequently, this approach enables us to systematically relate the extent of co-occurring abrasion and breakage to the particle geometry evolution.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1938431 1938285
PAR ID:
10526400
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ;
Editor(s):
Evans, T Matthew; Stark, N; Chang, S
Publisher / Repository:
American Society of Civil Engineers
Date Published:
ISBN:
9780784485309
Page Range / eLocation ID:
272 to 281
Format(s):
Medium: X
Location:
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Wriggers, Peter; Bischoff, Manfred; Oñate, Eugenio; Düster, Alexander; Zohdi, Tarek (Ed.)
    This study evidences that the particle surface-area-to-volume ratio (A/V) and the particle volume (V) have the key information of particle geometry and the ‘signature’ is realized by a power-law relationship between A/V and V in a form of V = (A/V)^α × β. We find that the power value α is influenced by the shape-size relationship while the β* term (β evaluated with a fixed value of α = -3) informs the average particle shape of a granular material regarding the overall angularity. This study also discusses how the particle shape can be retrieved in terms of Wadell’s true sphericity using the A/V and V. This concept is linked to another shape index M that interprets the particle shape as a function of surface area A, volume V, and size L. This paper explains the analytical aspects of geometric ‘signature’ and examines the idea using the example particles to address the DEM modelling-related questions. 
    more » « less
  2. This dataset has (i) 3D geometry files of mineral particles from Florida and Virginia and (ii) analyzed 3D particle geometries. A total of 382 particle geometry files are included in this dataset. The Florida particles in this dataset are limestones, while the Virginia particles are freshly crushed granites from a quarry in Richmond, Virginia. The geometry files are obtained by 3D structured light scanning and presented in wavefront .obj format. These files can be viewed using free 3D geometry viewers such as MeshLab, Blender, and Microsoft 3D Viewer, enabling users to zoom in/out and rotate the 3D particles. The 3D particle geometries have been analyzed for shape, size, surface area, and volume. The analysis includes the use of 3D shape indices such as M (= A/V × L/6) and β, in addition to common 3D geometry measures such as surface area (A), volume (V), and size (L or D). The overall geometric properties of each particle group are also analyzed in terms of α and β*; the α informs the geometric variation (i.e., the relation between particle shape and size), and β* informs the average shape angularity of the particles. This dataset will be valuable for investigating the particle geometry-dependent soil behavior, by performing laboratory testing on analog soils after 3D printing the geometry files or using the files for discrete element modeling. Further information can be found in the related work linked above and the data report (see Data_report.pdf) included within the dataset. 
    more » « less
  3. We investigate the structural, vibrational, and mechanical properties of jammed packings of deformable particles with shape degrees of freedom in three dimensions (3D). Each 3D deformable particle is modeled as a surface-triangulated polyhedron, with spherical vertices whose positions are determined by a shape-energy function with terms that constrain the particle surface area, volume, and curvature, and prevent interparticle overlap. We show that jammed packings of deformable particles without bending energy possess low-frequency, quartic vibrational modes, whose number decreases with increasing asphericity and matches the number of missing contacts relative to the isostatic value. In contrast, jammed packings of deformable particles with non-zero bending energy are isostatic in 3D, with no quartic modes. We find that the contributions to the eigenmodes of the dynamical matrix from the shape degrees of freedom are significant over the full range of frequency and shape parameters for particles with zero bending energy. We further show that the ensemble-averaged shear modulus 〈 G 〉 scales with pressure P as 〈 G 〉 ∼ P β , with β ≈ 0.75 for jammed packings of deformable particles with zero bending energy. In contrast, β ≈ 0.5 for packings of deformable particles with non-zero bending energy, which matches the value for jammed packings of soft, spherical particles with fixed shape. These studies underscore the importance of incorporating particle deformability and shape change when modeling the properties of jammed soft materials. 
    more » « less
  4. A quasi-steady-state model of the dissolution of a single prolate or oblate spheroidal particle has been developed based on the exact solution of the steady-state diffusion equation for mass transfer in an unconfined media. With appropriate treatment of bulk concentration, the model can predict the detailed dissolution process of a single particle in a container of finite size. The dimensionless governing equations suggest that the dissolution process is determined by three dimensionless control parameters, initial solid particle concentration, particle aspect ratio and the product of specific volume of solid particles and saturation concentration of the dissolved substance. Using this model, the dissolution processes of felodipine particles are analysed in a broad range of space of the three control parameters and some characteristics are identified. The effects of material properties indicated by the product of specific volume and saturation concentration are also analysed. The model and the analysis are applicable to the system of monodisperse spheroidal particles of the same shape. 
    more » « less
  5. Contact line dynamics is crucial in determining the deposition patterns of evaporating colloidal droplets. Using high-speed interferometry, we directly observe the stick-slip motion of the contact line in situ and are able to resolve the instantaneous shape of the inkjet-printed, evaporating pico-liter drops containing nanoparticles of varying wettability. Integrated with post-mortem optical profilometry of the deposition patterns, the instantaneous particle volume fraction and hence the particle deposition rate can be determined. The results show that the stick-slip motion of the contact line is a strong function of the particle wettability. While the stick-slip motion is observed for nanoparticles that are less hydrophilic ( i.e. , particle contact angle θ ≈ 74° at the water–air interface), which results in a multiring deposition, a continuous receding of the contact line is observed for more hydrophilic nanoparticles ( i.e. , θ ≈ 34°), which leaves a single-ring pattern. A model is developed to predict the number of particles required to pin the contact line based on the force balance of the hydrodynamic drag, interparticle interactions, and surface tension acting on the particles near the contact line with varying particle wettability. A three-fold increase in the number of particles required for pinning is predicted when the particle wettability increases from the wetting angle of θ ≈ 74° to θ ≈ 34°. This finding explains why particles with greater wettability form a single-ring pattern and those with lower wettability form a multi-ring pattern. In addition, the particle deposition rate is found to depend on the particle wettability and vary with time. 
    more » « less