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Title: Explosive 2018 eruptions at Kīlauea driven by a collapse-induced stomp-rocket mechanism
Article Published: 27 May 2024 Explosive 2018 eruptions at Kīlauea driven by a collapse-induced stomp-rocket mechanism Josh Crozier, Josef Dufek, Leif Karlstrom, Kyle R. Anderson, Ryan Cahalan, Weston Thelen, Mary Benage & Chao Liang Nature Geoscience volume 17, pages572–578 (2024)Cite this article 1357 Accesses 430 Altmetric Metricsdetails Abstract Explosive volcanic eruptions produce hazardous atmospheric plumes composed of tephra particles, hot gas and entrained air. Such eruptions are generally driven by magmatic fragmentation or steam expansion. However, an eruption mechanism outside this phreatic–magmatic spectrum was suggested by a sequence of 12 explosive eruptions in May 2018 at Kīlauea, Hawaii, that occurred during the early stages of caldera collapse and produced atmospheric plumes reaching 8 km above the vent. Here we use seismic inversions for reservoir pressure as a source condition for three-dimensional simulations of transient multiphase eruptive plume ascent through a conduit and stratified atmosphere. We compare the simulations with conduit ascent times inferred from seismic and infrasound data, and with plume heights from radar data. We find that the plumes are consistent with eruptions caused by a stomp-rocket mechanism involving the abrupt subsidence of reservoir roof rock that increased pressure in the underlying magma reservoir. In our model, the reservoir was overlain by a pocket of accumulated high-temperature magmatic gas and lithic debris, which were driven through a conduit approximately 600 m long to erupt particles at rates of around 3,000 m3 s−1. Our results reveal a distinct collapse-driven type of eruption and provide a framework for integrating diverse geophysical and atmospheric data with simulations to gain a better understanding of unsteady explosive eruptions.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2311331 2036980
PAR ID:
10529472
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Corporate Creator(s):
Editor(s):
Bahadori, Alireza
Publisher / Repository:
Nature Geoscience
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Nature Geoscience
Edition / Version:
1
Volume:
17
Issue:
6
ISSN:
1752-0894
Page Range / eLocation ID:
572 to 578
Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
plume dynamics geophysics eruption physics multiphase turbulence
Format(s):
Medium: X Size: 8.1 MB Other: pdf
Size(s):
8.1 MB
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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