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ABSTRACT Lake sediment records give valuable insight into the dynamic events that characterized the last deglaciation in Iceland. Here, we focus on the well‐dated sediment record from Hestvatn, a low‐elevation lake in south Iceland, that features six graded bedding events deposited by outburst floods from glacial lakes dammed by the decaying Iceland Ice Sheet (IIS) in the time period of the Vedde Ash and the G10ka Series tephra. Using climate proxies preserved in the sediment cores, in conjunction with regional glacial geomorphology, we reconstruct the retreat of the IIS in south Iceland, from a marine‐based glacier during the Younger Dryas to a land‐based glacier during the Preboreal. As the ice sheet margin withdrew to the central highlands, ice‐dammed lakes formed along glacier margins. The ice‐dams were occasionally breached, generating large‐scale jökulhlaups (catastrophic outburst floods) that deposited thick turbidite sequences preserved in the sediment record of Hestvatn. The high concentration of volcanic material incorporated within deglacial sediments indicates that along with IIS retreat, subglacial volcanic activity may have helped initiate some of the jökulhlaups. Onset of more stable Holocene conditions was reached after the final turbidite at ~10 kabp, when the IIS had withdrawn from most of the highlands of Iceland.
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Duration and ice thickness of a Late Holocene outlet glacier advance near Narsarsuaq, southern Greenland
Abstract. Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) outlet glaciers are currently losing mass, leading to sea level rise. Reconstructions of past outlet glacier behavior through the Holocene help us better understand how they respond to climate change. Kiattuut Sermiat, a southern Greenland outlet glacier near Narsarsuaq, is known to have experienced an unusually large Late Holoceneadvance that culminated at ∼1600 cal yr BP and exceeded theglacier's Little Ice Age extent. We report sedimentary records from twolakes at slightly different elevations in an upland valley adjacent toKiattuut Sermiat. These reveal when the outlet glacier's surface elevationwas higher than during the Little Ice Age and constrain the associatedoutlet glacier surface elevation. We use bulk sediment geochemistry,magnetic susceptibility, color, texture, and the presence of aquatic plantmacrofossils to distinguish between till, glaciolacustrine sediments, andorganic lake sediments. Our 14C results above basal till recordingregional deglaciation skew slightly old due to a reservoir effect but aregenerally consistent with regional deglaciation occurring ∼ 11 000 cal yr BP. Neoglacial advance of Kiattuut Sermiat is recorded by deposition of glaciolacustrine sediments in the lower-elevation lake, which we infer was subsumed by an ice-dammed lake that formed along the glacier's margin just after ∼ 3900 cal yr BP. This timing is consistent with several other glacial records in Greenland showing neoglacial cooling driving advance between ∼ 4500–3000 cal yr BP. Given that glaciolacustrine sediments were deposited only in the lower-elevation lake, combined with glacial geomorphological evidence in the valley containing these lakes, we estimate the former ice margin's elevation to have been ∼ 670 m a.s.l., compared with ∼ 420 m a.s.l. today. The ice-dammed lake persisted until the glacier surface fell below this elevation at ∼ 1600 cal yr BP. The retreat timing contrasts with overall evidence for cooling and glacier advance in the region at that time, so we infer that Kiattuut Sermiat's retreat may have resulted from reduced snowfall amounts and/or local glaciological complexity. High sensitivity to precipitation changes could also explain the relatively limited Little Ice Age advance of Kiattuut Sermiat compared with the earlier neoglacial advance.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2002515
- PAR ID:
- 10540798
- Publisher / Repository:
- European Geosciences Union
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Climate of the Past
- Volume:
- 19
- Issue:
- 9
- ISSN:
- 1814-9332
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1777 to 1791
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1777-2023
