An official website of the United States government
A proof of concept system that enables real-time geospatial spectrum sharing between 5G/6G networks and Earth Exploration Satellite Services (EESS) has been developed. A simple algorithm that pauses network transmissions when there is potential interference from 5G/6G transmitters provides 99.6% network availability in the 24 GHz NR2 band while protecting all currently working EESS radiometers operating in the 23.8 GHz band. A more sophisticated algorithm that modifies transmission power levels and (if necessary) network traffic (similar to the methodologies used by Citizens Broadband Radio Service) can reduce interference so that there is no adverse impact on network availability. In addition to preventing interference, RGSS provides other significant benefits to both the wireless and the weather/climate communities, including improving network performance and coverage, the ability to support changes in network architectures, network elements, endpoints, and new or more sensitive radiometers, and a simple mechanism to test and police compliance with out-of-band emission requirements. RGSS is also compatible with existing spectrum management systems.
more »
« less
RF-Flashlight Testbed for Verification of Real-Time Geofencing of EESS Radiometers and Millimeter-Wave Ground-to-Satellite Propagation Models
A simple “RF-flashlight” (or ground-to-satellite) interference testbed is proposed to experimentally verify (i) real-time geofencing (RTG) for protecting passive Earth Exploration Satellite Services (EESS) radiometer measurements from 5G/6G mm-wave transmissions, and (ii) ground-to-satellite propagationmodels used in the interference modeling of this spectrumcoexistence scenario. RTG is a stronger EESS protectionmechanism than the current methodology recommended by theITU based on a worst-case interference threshold whilesimultaneously enabling dynamic spectrum sharing and coexistencewith 5G/6G wireless networks. Similarly, verifying moresophisticated RF propagation models that include ground topology,buildings, and non-line-of-sight paths will provide better estimatesof interference than the current ITU line-of-sight model and, thus,a more reliable basis for establishing a consensus among thespectrum stakeholders.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 2232368
- PAR ID:
- 10544925
- Publisher / Repository:
- 2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops
- Date Published:
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- 5G, mm-wave, passive sensing, EESS, satellite, spectrum sharing, geofencing, wireless propagation
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Location:
- Denver, CO USA
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Earth exploration satellite service (EESS) plays a crucial role in environmental monitoring and weather forecasting by utilizing passive sensing technologies. However, the rapid expansion of terrestrial and satellite communication networks has introduced significant interference challenges, particularly in frequency bands that overlap with or are adjacent to EESS sensors. In this work, we develop a system model that explicitly characterizes EESS interference by considering reflected signal effects and spatial interference accumulation. Based on this model, we propose an EESS-aware resource allocation (EARA) framework that jointly optimizes power allocation and user association, while ensuring that interference to EESS sensors remains within acceptable limits. A non-convex joint optimization problem is formulated and efficiently solved leveraging the Lagrangian dual transform and Dinkelbach’s method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EARA scheme achieves up to 26.3% higher sum rate compared to genetic algorithm and binary whale optimization algorithm, while strictly satisfying the ITU-defined interference threshold. This work establishes a foundation for future research on the coexistence of communication networks and passive Earth observation systems, offering practical strategies for interference mitigation and spectrum sharing in next-generation networks.more » « less
-
The allocation of the 5G mmWave spectrum in the 26 GHz range, known as 3GPP band n258, has raised wide concern among the remote sensing and weather forecast communities due to the adjacency of this band with a frequency band used by passive sensors in Earth Exploration-Satellite Service (EESS). The concern stems from the potential radio frequency interference (RFI) caused by transmissions in the n258 band into the 23.8 GHz frequency, one of the key frequencies employed by weather satellite passive sensing instruments, such as AMSUA and ATMS, to measure atmospheric water vapor using its emission spectrum. Such RFI can bias satellite observations and compromise weather forecasting. In this paper, we develop a modeling and numerical framework to evaluate the potential effect of the 5G mmWave n258 band’s commercial deployment on numerical weather forecast accuracy. We first estimate and map the spatio-temporal distribution of 5G mmWave base stations at the county-level throughout the contiguous United States (US) using a model for technology adoption prediction. Then, the interference power received by the AMSU-A radiometer is estimated for a single base station based on models for signal transmission, out-of-band radiation, and radio propagation. Then, the aggregate interference power for each satellite observation footprint is calculated. Using the contaminated microwave observations, a series of simulations using a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model are conducted to study the impact of 5G-induced contamination on weather forecasting accuracy. For example, our results show that when the interference power at the radiometer from a single base station is at a level of −175 dBW for a network of base stations with spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz/BS, the aggregate interference power has limited impact in the year 2025 but can result in an induced noise in brightness temperature (contamination) of up to 17 K in the year 2040. Furthermore, that level of RFI can significantly impact the 12-hour forecast of a severe weather event such as the Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak with forecasting errors of up to 10 mm in precipitation or a mean absolute error of 12.5%. It is also estimated that when the level of interference power received by the radiometer from a single base station is −200 dBW, then there is no impact on forecasting errors even in 2040.more » « less
-
The radio frequency spectral shaper is an essential component in emerging multi-service mobile communications, multiband satellite and radar systems, and future 5G/6G radio frequency systems for equalizing spectral unevenness, removing out-of-band noise and interference, and manipulating multi-band signal simultaneously. While it is easy to achieve simple spectral functions using either conventional microwave photonic filters or the optical spectrum to microwave spectra mapping techniques, it is challenging to enable complex spectral shaping functions over tens of GHz bandwidth as well as to achieve point-by-point shaping capability to fulfill the needs in dynamic wireless communications. In this paper, we proposed and demonstrated a novel spectral shaping system, which utilizes a two-section algorithm to automatically decompose the target RF response into a series of Gaussian functions and to reconstruct the desired RF response by microwave photonic techniques. The devised spectral shaping system is capable of manipulating the spectral function in various bands (S, C, and X) simultaneously with step resolution of as fine as tens of MHz. The resolution limitation in optical spectral processing is mitigated using the discrete convolution technique. Over 10 dynamic and independently adjustable spectral control points are experimentally achieved based on the proposed spectral shaper.more » « less
-
Abstract—Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) will be used in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems, especially for indoor scenarios. This paper presents an indoor three-dimensional (3-D) statistical channel model for mmWave and sub-THz frequencies, which is developed from extensive channel propagation measurements conducted in an office building at 28 GHz and 140 GHz in 2014 and 2019. Over 15,000 power delay profiles (PDPs) were recorded to study channel statistics such as the number of time clusters, cluster delays, and cluster powers. All the parameters required in the channel generation procedure are derived from empirical measurement data for 28 GHz and 140 GHz line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. The channel model is validated by showing that the simulated root mean square (RMS) delay spread and RMS angular spread yield good agreements with measured values. An indoor channel simulation software is built upon the popular NYUSIM outdoor channel simulator, which can generate realistic channel impulse response, PDP, and power angular spectrum. Index Terms—Millimeter-Wave; Terahertz; Indoor Office; Channel Measurement; Channel Modeling; Channel Simulation; 5G; 6Gmore » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Proceeding:
- The DOI is not currently available.
