Title: Thermal redistribution of compressive residual stress introduced by interlayer laser shock peening in hybrid additive manufacturing
The objective of this research was to quantify the change in magnitude and depth of compressive residual stress (CRS) retained in the subsurface by interlayer coldworking when subjected to localized annealing that superimposed tensile stress. The approach was to hybridize additive manufacturing of AlSi10Mg alloy by coupling powder bed fusion (PBF) with laser shock peening (LSP) and characterize the resultant residual stress state by the hole-drilling method. The research found localized annealing from layer deposition formed two distinct regions in the subsurface, which was driven by localized and bulk stress redistribution. The experiments also showed that residual stress redistribution from LSP reached 550 µm into the subsurface, whereas local annealing from the deposition of layers extended only to a depth of 160 µm. Hence, compressive stress imparted by LSP was not entirely canceled by local annealing from PBF. This work provides the first quantification of the stress state response of hybrid additively manufactured parts to thermal loads and is fundamental to improving part performance through increased functional reliability, fatigue life, and corrosion resistance. more »« less
Additive manufactured (AM) magnesium alloys corrode rapidly due to tensile stress and coarse microstructures. Cyclically combining (hybridizing) additive manufacturing with interlayer ultrasonic peening was proposed as a solution to improve corrosion resistance of additive manufactured magnesium WE43 alloy through strengthening mechanisms and compressive residual stress. Applying interlayer peening work hardened discrete layers and formed a glocal integrity of regional grain refinement and subsurface compressive residual stress barriers. Tensile residual stress that typically accelerates corrosion decreased 90%. Results showed time-resolved control over corrosion was attainable by interlayer peening, and local corrosion within print cells decreased 57% with respect to as-printed WE43.
Wang, Fei; Chen, Xin; DeLellis, Daniel P.; Krause, Amanda R.; Lu, Yongfeng; Cui, Bai
(, Journal of the American Ceramic Society)
Abstract A novel high‐temperature laser shock peening (HT‐LSP) process was applied to polycrystalline α‐SiC to improve the mechanical performance. HT‐LSP prevents microcrack formation on the surface while induces plastic deformation in the form of dislocation slip on the basal planes, which may be caused by the combination of high shock pressure and a lower critical resolved shear stress at 1000℃. A maximum compressive residual stress of 650 MPa, measured with Raman spectroscopy, was introduced into the surface of α‐SiC by HT‐LSP, which can increase the nanohardness and in‐plane fracture toughness of α‐SiC by 8% and 36%, respectively. This work presents a fundamental base for the promising applications of HT‐LSP to brittle ceramics to increase their plasticity and mechanical properties.
Over, Veronica; Donovan, Justin; Lawrence Yao, Y.
(, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering)
Abstract This work studies the use of laser shock peening (LSP) to improve back stress in additively manufactured (AM) 316L parts. Unusual hardening behavior in AM metal due to tortuous microstructure and strong texture poses additional design challenges. Anisotropic mechanical behavior complicates application for mechanical design because 3D printed parts will behave differently than traditionally manufactured parts under the same loading conditions. The prevalence of back-stress hardening or the Bauschinger effect causes reduced fatigue life under random loading and dissipates beneficial compressive residual stresses that prevent crack propagation. LSP is known to improve fatigue life by inducing compressive residual stress and has been applied with promising results to AM metal parts. It is here demonstrated that LSP may also be used as a tool for mitigating tensile back-stress hardening in AM parts, thereby reducing anisotropic hardening behavior and improving design use. It is also shown that the method of application of LSP to additively manufactured parts is key for achieving effective back-stress reduction. Back stress is extracted from additively manufactured dog bone samples built in both XY and XZ directions using hysteresis tensile. Both LSPed and as-built conditions are tested and compared, showing that LSPed samples exhibit a significant reduction to back stress when the laser processing is applied to the sample along the build direction. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) performed under these conditions elucidates how grain morphologies and texture contribute to the observed improvement. Crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling develops insights as to the mechanisms by which this reduction is achieved in comparison with EBSD results. In particular, the difference in plastic behavior across build orientations of identified crystal planes and grain families are shown to impact the degree of LSP-induced back-stress reduction that is sustained through tensile loading.
Masoomi, Mohammad; Thompson, Scott M.; Shamsaei, Nima; Haghshenas, Meysam
(, 28th International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium - An Additive Manufacturing Conference)
Parts fabricated via directed energy additive manufacturing (AM) can experience very high, localized temperature gradients during manufacture. These temperature gradients are conducive to the formation of a complex residual stress field within such parts. In the study, a thermo-mechanical model is employed for predicting the temperature distribution and residual stress in Ti-6Al-4V parts fabricated using laserpowder bed fusion (L-PBF). The result is utilized for determining a relationship between local part temperature gradients with generated residual stress. Using this numerical model, the effects of scan patterns are investigated.
Nagaraj, Aditya; Min, Sangkee
(, 19th International Conference on Precision Engineering)
The Japan Society for Precision Engineering
(Ed.)
Machining is in general conducted in multiple paths and thus residual stress and subsurface damage formed by previous cut may influence subsequent cutting. Ceramics materials are extremely brittle and prone to cracks. Ultra-precision machining with very small depth of cut enables ductile mode cutting. There have been various reports that critical depth of cut (CDC) for single crystal sapphire exists, where the ductile to brittle transition occurs. However, the CDC of subsequent cutting changes due to the influence of residual stress and subsurface damage by previous cut. This study investigates the indirect effect of residual stress and subsurface damage on the critical depth of cut of the second cut by analyzing the plastic deformation mechanisms activated during 2-step machining on A-plane of sapphire. It was found that the [1#100] machining orientation was most suitable since the critical depth of cut remained fairly constant due to dominant rhombohedral twinning activation during subsequent machining operations.
Klein, George H, Karunakaran, Rakeshkumar, and Sealy, Michael P. Thermal redistribution of compressive residual stress introduced by interlayer laser shock peening in hybrid additive manufacturing. Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10547451. Procedia CIRP 121.C Web. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2023.10.001.
Klein, George H, Karunakaran, Rakeshkumar, & Sealy, Michael P. Thermal redistribution of compressive residual stress introduced by interlayer laser shock peening in hybrid additive manufacturing. Procedia CIRP, 121 (C). Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10547451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.10.001
Klein, George H, Karunakaran, Rakeshkumar, and Sealy, Michael P.
"Thermal redistribution of compressive residual stress introduced by interlayer laser shock peening in hybrid additive manufacturing". Procedia CIRP 121 (C). Country unknown/Code not available: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.10.001.https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10547451.
@article{osti_10547451,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {Thermal redistribution of compressive residual stress introduced by interlayer laser shock peening in hybrid additive manufacturing},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10547451},
DOI = {10.1016/j.procir.2023.10.001},
abstractNote = {The objective of this research was to quantify the change in magnitude and depth of compressive residual stress (CRS) retained in the subsurface by interlayer coldworking when subjected to localized annealing that superimposed tensile stress. The approach was to hybridize additive manufacturing of AlSi10Mg alloy by coupling powder bed fusion (PBF) with laser shock peening (LSP) and characterize the resultant residual stress state by the hole-drilling method. The research found localized annealing from layer deposition formed two distinct regions in the subsurface, which was driven by localized and bulk stress redistribution. The experiments also showed that residual stress redistribution from LSP reached 550 µm into the subsurface, whereas local annealing from the deposition of layers extended only to a depth of 160 µm. Hence, compressive stress imparted by LSP was not entirely canceled by local annealing from PBF. This work provides the first quantification of the stress state response of hybrid additively manufactured parts to thermal loads and is fundamental to improving part performance through increased functional reliability, fatigue life, and corrosion resistance.},
journal = {Procedia CIRP},
volume = {121},
number = {C},
publisher = {Elsevier},
author = {Klein, George H and Karunakaran, Rakeshkumar and Sealy, Michael P},
}
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