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Polyurethane is a common polymeric coating, providing abrasion resistance, chemical durability, and flexibility to surfaces in the biomedical, marine, and food processing industries with great promise for future materials due to its tunable chemistry. There exists a large body of research focused on modifying polyurethane with additional functionalities, such as antimicrobial, non-fouling, anticorrosive action, or high heat resistance. However, there remains a need for the characterization and surface analysis of fluoro-modified polyurethanes synthesized with commercially available fluorinated polyol. In this work, we have synthesized traditional solvent-borne polyurethane, conventionally found in food processing facilities, boat hulls, and floor coatings, with polyurethane containing 1%, 2%, and 3% perfluoropolyether (PFPE). Polyurethane formation was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, with the urethane band forming at 1730 cm−1 and the absence of free isocyanate stretching from 2275–2250 cm−1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm perfluoropolyether polymerization with an increase in the atomic percentage of fluorine. Wettability and hydrophobicity were determined using a dynamic water contact angle with significant differences in advancing the water contact angle with the inclusion of perfluoropolyether blocks (PU–co–1PFPE 131.5° ± 8.0, PU–co–2PFPE 130.9° ± 5.8, and PU–co–3PFPE 128.8° ± 5.2) compared to the control polyurethane (93.6° ± 3.6). The surface orientation of fluorine supported the reduced critical surface tensions of polyurethane modified with PFPE (12.54 mN m−1 for PU–co–3PFPE compared to 17.19 mN m−1 for unmodified polyurethane). This work has demonstrated the tunable chemical qualities of polyurethane by presenting its ability to incorporate fluoropolymer surface characteristics, including low critical surface tension and high hydrophobicity.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Hydrophobic Polyurethane
Food borne illness remains a major threat to public health despite new governmental guidelines and industry standards. Cross-contamination of both pathogenic and spoilage bacteria from the manufacturing environment can promote consumer illness and food spoilage. While there is guidance in cleaning and sanitation procedures, manufacturing facilities can develop bacterial harborage sites in hard-to-reach areas. New technologies to eliminate these harborage sites include chemically modified coatings that can improve surface characteristics or incorporate embedded antibacterial compounds. In this article we synthesize a 16 carbon length quaternary ammonium bromide (C16QAB) modified polyurethane and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) copolymer coating with low surface energy and bactericidal properties. The introduction of PFPE to the polyurethane coatings lowered the critical surface tension from 18.07 mN m−1 in unmodified polyurethane to 13.14 mN m−1 in modified polyurethane. C16QAB + PFPE polyurethane was bactericidal against Listeria monocytogenes (>6 log reduction) and Salmonella enterica (>3 log reduction) after just eight hours of contact. The combination of low surface tension from the perfluoropolyether and antimicrobial from the quaternary ammonium bromide produced a multifunctional polyurethane coating suitable for coating on non-food contact food production surfaces to prevent survival and persistence of pathogenic and spoilage organisms.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1719875
- PAR ID:
- 10548213
- Publisher / Repository:
- MDPI
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Materials
- Volume:
- 16
- Issue:
- 12
- ISSN:
- 1996-1944
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 4446
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124446
