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1. DESI Massive Poststarburst Galaxies at z ∼ 1.2 Have Compact Structures and Dense Cores

   https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7c45  

   Zhang, Yunchong; Setton, David J; Price, Sedona H; Bezanson, Rachel; Khullar, Gourav; Newman, Jeffrey A; Aguilar, Jessica Nicole; Ahlen, Steven; Andrews, Brett H; Brooks, David; et al (November 2024, The Astrophysical Journal)

   Abstract Poststarburst galaxies (PSBs) are young quiescent galaxies that have recently experienced a rapid decrease in star formation, allowing us to probe the fast-quenching period of galaxy evolution. In this work, we obtained Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 F110W imaging to measure the sizes of 171 massive ( $\log (M_{*}/M_{\odot })\sim 11)$ spectroscopically identified PSBs at 1 <z1.3 selected from the DESI Survey Validation luminous red galaxy sample. This statistical sample constitutes an order of magnitude increase from the ∼20 PSBs with space-based imaging and deep spectroscopy. We perform structural fitting of the target galaxies withpysersicand compare them to quiescent and star-forming galaxies in the 3D-HST survey. We find that these PSBs are more compact than the general population of quiescent galaxies, lying systematically ∼0.1 dex below the established size–mass relation. However, their central surface mass densities are similar to those of their quiescent counterparts ( $\log \left({\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{1\mathrm{kpc}}/\right(M_{\odot }{\mathrm{kpc}}^{-2}\left)\right)\sim 10.1$ ). These findings are easily reconciled by later ex situ growth via minor mergers or a slight progenitor bias. These PSBs are round in projection (b/a_median∼ 0.8), suggesting that they are primarily spheroids, not disks, in 3D. We find no correlation between the time since quenching and light-weighted PSB sizes or central densities. This disfavors apparent structural growth due to the fading of centralized starbursts in this galaxy population. Instead, we posit that the fast quenching of massive galaxies at this epoch occurs preferentially in galaxies with preexisting compact structures. 

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2. Measurement of exclusive $$J/\psi$$ and $$\psi(2S)$$ production at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV

   https://doi.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.18.2.071  

   Collaboration, LHCb; Aaij, Roel; Abdelmotteleb, Ahmed_Sameh Wagih; Abellan_Beteta, Carlos; Abudinèn, Fernando Jesus; Ackernley, Thomas; Adefisoye, Ayomide Matthew; Adeva, Bernardo; Adinolfi, Marco; Adlarson, Patrik Harri; et al (January 2025, SciPost Physics)

   Measurements are presented of the cross-section for the central exclusive production ofJ/\psi\to\mu^+\mu^- $J/\psi \to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and\psi(2S)\to\mu^+\mu^- $\psi \left(2S\right)\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ processes in proton-proton collisions at\sqrt{s} = 13 \ \mathrm{TeV} $\sqrt{s}=13TeV$ with 2016–2018 data. They are performed by requiring both muons to be in the LHCb acceptance (with pseudorapidity2<\eta_{\mu^±} < 4.5 $2<{\eta }_{{\mu }^{\pm }}<4.5$ ) and mesons in the rapidity range2.0 < y < 4.5 $2.0<y<4.5$ . The integrated cross-section results are\sigma_{J/\psi\to\mu^+\mu^-}(2.0 ${\sigma }_{J/\psi \to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}}(2.0<y_{J/\psi }<4.5,2.0<{\eta }_{{\mu }^{\pm }}<4.5)=400\pm 2\pm 5\pm 12pb,{\sigma }_{\psi \left(2S\right)\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}}(2.0<y_{\psi \left(2S\right)}<4.5,2.0<{\eta }_{{\mu }^{\pm }}<4.5)=9.40\pm 0.15\pm 0.13\pm 0.27pb,$ where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to the luminosity determination. In addition, a measurement of the ratio of\psi(2S) $\psi \left(2S\right)$ andJ/\psi $J/\psi$ cross-sections, at an average photon-proton centre-of-mass energy of1\ \mathrm{TeV} $1TeV$ , is performed, giving$ = 0.1763 ± 0.0029 ± 0.0008 ± 0.0039,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the knowledge of the involved branching fractions. For the first time, the dependence of theJ/\psi$ $J/\psi$ and\psi(2S) $\psi \left(2S\right)$ cross-sections on the total transverse momentum transfer is determined inpp $pp$ collisions and is found consistent with the behaviour observed in electron-proton collisions. 

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3. Von Neumann subfactors and non-invertible symmetries

   https://doi.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.19.6.154  

   Yu, Xingyang; Zhang, Hao Y (January 2025, SciPost Physics)

   We use the language of von Neumann subfactors to investigate non-invertible symmetries in two dimensions. A fusion categorical symmetry\mathcal{C} $𝒞$ , its module category\mathcal{M} $ℳ$ , and a gauging labeled by an algebra object\mathcal{A} $𝒜$ are encoded in the bipartite principal graph of a subfactor. The dual principal graph captures the quantum symmetry\mathcal{C}' $𝒞\prime$ obtained by gauging\mathcal{A} $𝒜$ in\mathcal{C} $𝒞$ , as well as a reverse gauging back to\mathcal{C} $𝒞$ . From a given subfactorN \subset M $N\subset M$ , we derive a quiver diagram that encodes the representations of the associated non-invertible symmetry. We show how this framework provides necessary conditions for admissible gaugings, enabling the construction of generalized orbifold groupoids. To illustrate this strategy, we present three examples: Rep(D_4) $\left(D_4\right)$ as a warm-up, the higher-multiplicity case Rep(A_4) $\left(A_4\right)$ with its associated generalized orbifold groupoid and triality symmetry, and Rep(A_5) $\left(A_5\right)$ , whereA_5 $A_5$ is the smallest non-solvable finite group. For applications to gapless systems, we embed these generalized gaugings as global manipulations on the conformal manifolds ofc=1 $c=1$ CFTs and uncover new self-dualities in the exceptionalSU(2)_1/A_5 $SU(2{)}_1/A_5$ theory. For\mathcal{C} $𝒞$ -symmetric TQFTs, we use the subfactor-derived quiver diagrams to characterize gapped phases, describe their vacuum structure, and classify the recently proposed particle-soliton degeneracies. 

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4. Higher-group symmetry in finite gauge theory and stabilizer codes

   https://doi.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.16.4.089  

   Barkeshli, Maissam; Chen, Yu-An; Hsin, Po-Shen; Kobayashi, Ryohei (January 2024, SciPost Physics)

   A large class of gapped phases of matter can be described by topological finite group gauge theories. In this paper, we show how such gauge theories possess a higher-group global symmetry, which we study in detail. We derive thed $d$ -group global symmetry and its ’t Hooft anomaly for topological finite group gauge theories in(d+1) $(d+1)$ space-time dimensions, including non-Abelian gauge groups and Dijkgraaf-Witten twists. We focus on the 1-form symmetry generated by invertible (Abelian) magnetic defects and the higher-form symmetries generated by invertible topological defects decorated with lower dimensional gauged symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases. We show that due to a generalization of the Witten effect and charge-flux attachment, the 1-form symmetry generated by the magnetic defects mixes with other symmetries into a higher group. We describe such higher-group symmetry in various lattice model examples. We discuss several applications, including the classification of fermionic SPT phases in (3+1)D for general fermionic symmetry groups, where we also derive a simpler formula for the[O_5] ∈ H^5(BG, U(1)) $\left[O_5\right]\in H^5(BG,U\left(1\right))$ obstruction that has appeared in prior work. We also show how thed $d$ -group symmetry is related to fault-tolerant non-Pauli logical gates and a refined Clifford hierarchy in stabilizer codes. We discover new logical gates in stabilizer codes using thed $d$ -group symmetry, such as a controlled Z gate in the (3+1) D\mathbb{Z}_2 ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ toric code. 

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5. Weak Gravitational Lensing around Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the DES Year 3 Data

   https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.124536  

   Chicoine, N; Prat, J; Zacharegkas, G; Chang, C; Tanoglidis, D; Drlica-Wagner, A; Anbajagane, D; Adhikari, S; Amon, A; Wechsler, R H; et al (January 2024, The Open Journal of Astrophysics)

   We present galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements using a sample of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) drawn from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (Y3) data as lenses. LSBGs are diffuse galaxies with a surface brightness dimmer than the ambient night sky. These dark-matter-dominated objects are intriguing due to potentially unusual formation channels that lead to their diffuse stellar component. Given the faintness of LSBGs, using standard observational techniques to characterize their total masses proves challenging. Weak gravitational lensing, which is less sensitive to the stellar component of galaxies, could be a promising avenue to estimate the masses of LSBGs. Our LSBG sample consists of 23,790 galaxies separated into red and blue color types at $g-i\ge 0.60$ and $g-i<0.60$ , respectively. Combined with the DES Y3 shear catalog, we measure the tangential shear around these LSBGs and find signal-to-noise ratios of 6.67 for the red sample, 2.17 for the blue sample, and 5.30 for the full sample. We use the clustering redshifts method to obtain redshift distributions for the red and blue LSBG samples. Assuming all red LSBGs are satellites, we fit a simple model to the measurements and estimate the host halo mass of these LSBGs to be . We place a 95% upper bound on the subhalo mass at . By contrast, we assume the blue LSBGs are centrals, and place a 95% upper bound on the halo mass at $log\left(M_{\mathrm{h}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}/M_{\odot }\right)<11.84$ . We find that the stellar-to-halo mass ratio of the LSBG samples is consistent with that of the general galaxy population. This work illustrates the viability of using weak gravitational lensing to constrain the halo masses of LSBGs. 

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