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We describe the confining instabilities of a proposed quantum spin liquid underlying the pseudogap metal state of the hole-doped cuprates. The spin liquid can be described by a SU(2) gauge theory ofNf= 2 massless Dirac fermions carrying fundamental gauge charges—this is the low-energy theory of a mean-field state of fermionic spinons moving on the square lattice withπ-flux per plaquette in the ℤ2center of SU(2). This theory has an emergent SO(5)fglobal symmetry and is presumed to confine at low energies to the Néel state. At nonzero doping (or smaller Hubbard repulsionUat half-filling), we argue that confinement occurs via the Higgs condensation of bosonic chargons carrying fundamental SU(2) gauge charges also moving inπℤ2-flux. At half-filling, the low-energy theory of the Higgs sector hasNb= 2 relativistic bosons with a possible emergent SO(5)bglobal symmetry describing rotations between ad-wave superconductor, period-2 charge stripes, and the time-reversal breaking “d-density wave” state. We propose a conformal SU(2) gauge theory withNf= 2 fundamental fermions,Nb= 2 fundamental bosons, and a SO(5)f×SO(5)bglobal symmetry, which describes a deconfined quantum critical point between a confining state which breaks SO(5)fand a confining state which breaks SO(5)b. The pattern of symmetry breaking within both SO(5)s is determined by terms likely irrelevant at the critical point, which can be chosen to obtain a transition between Néel order andd-wave superconductivity. A similar theory applies at nonzero doping and largeU, with longer-range couplings of the chargons leading to charge order with longer periods.
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Quantum oscillations in the hole-doped cuprates and the confinement of spinons
A long-standing problem in the study of the under-hole-doped cuprates has been the description of the Fermi surfaces underlying the high magnetic field quantum oscillations, and their connection to the higher temperature pseudogap metal. Harrison and Sebastian [Phys. Rev. Lett.106, 226402 (2011)] proposed that the pseudogap “Fermi arcs” are reconstructed into an electron pocket by field-induced charge density wave order. But computations on such a model [Zhang and Mei,Europhys. Lett.114, 47008 (2016)] show an unobserved additional oscillation frequency from a Fermi surface arising from the backsides of the hole pockets completing the Fermi arcs. We describe a transition from a fractionalized Fermi liquid (FL*) model of the pseudogap metal, to a metal with bidirectional charge density wave order without fractionalization. We show that the confinement of the fermionic spinon excitations of the FL* across this transition can eliminate the unobserved oscillation frequency.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2245246
- PAR ID:
- 10558350
- Publisher / Repository:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Volume:
- 121
- Issue:
- 50
- ISSN:
- 0027-8424
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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