skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: A time framework based on magnetostratigraphy for the siwalik sediments of the Khaur area, Northern Pakistan (Dataset)
Paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, or geomagnetic data found in the MagIC data repository from a paper titled: A time framework based on magnetostratigraphy for the siwalik sediments of the Khaur area, Northern Pakistan  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2126298
PAR ID:
10558622
Author(s) / Creator(s):
;
Publisher / Repository:
Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC)
Date Published:
Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
Sedimentary Sediment Layer Siltstone 7000000 15000000 Years BP
Format(s):
Medium: X
Location:
(East Bound Longitude:72.6352; North Bound Latitude:33.1954; South Bound Latitude:33.1223; West Bound Longitude:72.5971); (Latitude:33.1988; Longitude:72.5126); (Latitude:33.2225; Longitude:72.5609); (East Bound Longitude:72.6188; North Bound Latitude:33.2467; South Bound Latitude:33.1982; West Bound Longitude:72.5859); (East Bound Longitude:72.6837; North Bound Latitude:33.2632; South Bound Latitude:33.2583; West Bound Longitude:72.6257); (Latitude:33.2744; Longitude:72.6524); (East Bound Longitude:72.51; North Bound Latitude:33.2752; South Bound Latitude:33.1578; West Bound Longitude:72.5354); (Latitude:33.3429; Longitude:72.6684); (East Bound Longitude:72.72365; North Bound Latitude:33.3614; South Bound Latitude:33.335; West Bound Longitude:72.6724); (East Bound Longitude:72.6837; North Bound Latitude:33.36712; South Bound Latitude:33.2864; West Bound Longitude:72.6167); (East Bound Longitude:72.72365; North Bound Latitude:33.3856; South Bound Latitude:33.3614; West Bound Longitude:72.6399); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.5); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.2; Longitude:72.6); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.3; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7); (Latitude:33.4; Longitude:72.7)
Right(s):
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Institution:
LDEO Paleomagnetics Lab Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. What happens when a diverse group of youth ages 11 through 14 are introduced to data science using authentic, public, multivariate data in an out-of-school context assuming no special prerequisite knowledge? We designed three 10-hour Data Club modules in which real-world data and the questions students asked of such data drove the learning process. Each module was grounded in a topic that youth connected with at a personal level. Youth learned how to use a free online data platform that made it easy to rearrange, group, filter, and graph data. Within the progression of the module, we used youths’ own questions, data moves, and data visualizations to engage them in critical inquiry and foster productive habits of mind for working with data. Our goal was for youth to emerge from the Data Clubs experience feeling empowered to interact with, ask questions of, and reason about and from data. 
    more » « less
  2. While data are the backbone for home Internet of Things’ (IoT) functional and economic model, data remain elusive and abstract for home dwellers. In response, we present the Odd Interpreters (OIs): a collection of three artifacts that materialize alternative ways of engaging with IoT data in home environments. The OIs recast home data as imaginative sounds (Broadcast), fading fabric (Soft Fading), and cookie recipes (Data Bakery) with the intent to reveal the hidden human labor and material infrastructures of data and to critique data's assumed objectivity. Following a Research-through-Design approach, we unpack design events that mark our process for making the Odd Interpreters. We conclude with a discussion around the need for pluralizing data encounters, the tactic of designing between illusion and precision, and a reflection on living with the prototypes while designing. 
    more » « less
  3. Every project in digital and computational history of science starts with the collection of data. Depending on the research project, subject of study, and other factors, data can be comprised of a variety of different types such as full-texts, images, audio, video, or bibliographic metadata. Often publications and project reports describe a project’s results and the employed methods and algorithms, but few publications discuss the challenges of the initial data collection process or how it fits into the overall research data life cycle. In this paper, we discuss a concrete research data life cycle and take a look at the difficulties it involves. Furthermore, we explore the strategies and challenges of data collection, and the question of comparability of datasets. 
    more » « less
  4. Drawing on previous research into the value of developing and sharing data stories on social media, we use this paper to examine how practitioners address a spectrum of interests and concerns in relation to their own data literacies within this media form. To do so, we analyzed 107 data story videos from TikTok and Instagram to explore what practices and communication techniques are apparent in social media data stories that exhibit features of data literacy. Through our analysis, we uncovered a series of digital storytelling techniques (e.g., speaking to the camera, using a green screen) that supported the creators’ data science practices and communicative goals. This study contributes to the discourse on social media's role in data storytelling and literacy, providing guidance for future research and implications for the design of new data literacy learning experiences. 
    more » « less
  5. Abstract. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2023 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022). The major changes are as follows: data from 23 new cruises were added. In addition, a number of changes were made to the data included in GLODAPv2.2022. GLODAPv2.2023 includes measurements from more than 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1108 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on the systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 23 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 1085 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2022 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2), chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete CO2 fugacity (fCO2), were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments. The original data, their documentation, and DOI codes are available at the Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System of NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), which also provides access to the merged data product. This is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/zyrq-ht66 (Lauvset et al., 2023). These bias-adjusted product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data, which were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This living data update documents the GLODAPv2.2023 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control procedures and results. 
    more » « less