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1. Variational Inference Using High Speed Photonic Neural Networks

   https://doi.org/10.1364/FIO.2024.FD1.4  

   Garofolo, James; Shi, Taichu; Prucnal, Paul; Wu, Ben (January 2024, Optica Publishing Group)

   We propose a method of performing variational inference using high speed photonic neural accelerators. This method incurs no slowdown compared to deterministic photonic inference, affecting only the power consumption of existing accelerator architectures. 

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2. Floating-point photonic iterative solver demonstrated for Newton–Raphson method

   https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0216999  

   Klein, Andrew B; Zhu, Zheyuan; Li, Guifang; Pang, Shuo (September 2024, Applied Physics Letters)

   Though photonic computing systems offer advantages in speed, scalability, and power consumption, they often have a limited dynamic encoding range due to low signal-to-noise ratios. Compared to digital floating-point encoding, photonic fixed-point encoding limits the precision of photonic computing when applied to scientific problems. In the case of iterative algorithms such as those commonly applied in machine learning or differential equation solvers, techniques like precision decomposition and residue iteration can be applied to increase accuracy at a greater computing cost. However, the analog nature of photonic symbols allows for modulation of both amplitude and frequency, opening the possibility of encoding both the significand and exponent of floating-point values on photonic computing systems to expand the dynamic range without expending additional energy. With appropriate schema, element-wise floating-point multiplication can be performed intrinsically through the interference of light. Herein, we present a method for configurable, signed, floating-point encoding and multiplication on a limited precision photonic primitive consisting of a directly modulated Mach–Zehnder interferometer. We demonstrate this method using Newton's method to find the Golden Ratio within ±0.11%, with six-level exponent encoding for a signed trinary digit-equivalent significand, corresponding to an effective increase of 243× in the photonic primitive's dynamic range. 

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3. Preparation-free resonator array atomic memory for on-chip quantum storage

   https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0270067  

   An, Haechan; Li, Zongfeng; Hosseini, Mahdi (June 2025, APL Quantum)

   We propose a light storage technique utilizing an array of photonic resonators that mimic atomic frequency comb memory. This method can be implemented on a solid-state photonic chip without requiring spectral hole burning. By eliminating the need for long preparation cycles and leveraging tunable photonic resonances, this approach offers high bandwidth, high efficiency, and a fast duty cycle simultaneously and without compromise. 

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4. Transfer-Printed Single-Photon Detectors on Arbitrary Photonic Substrates

   https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_FS.2023.FM2E.5  

   Errando-Herranz, Carlos; Gyger, Samuel; Tao, Max; Colangelo, Marco; Christen, Ian; Larocque, Hugo; Sattari, Hamed; Choong, Gregory; Petremand, Yves; Prieto, Ivan; et al (January 2023, Optica Publishing Group)

   We demonstrate the integration of superconducting single-photon detectors onto arbitrary photonic substrates via transfer printing. Using this method, we show single-photon detection in a lithium niobate on insulator photonic circuit. 

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5. High Quality Factor Microcavity for Van der Waals Semiconductor Polaritons Using a Transferrable Mirror

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202201440  

   Paik, Eunice_Y; Zhang, Long; Hou, Shaocong; Zhao, Haonan; Chou, Yu‐Hsun; Forrest, Stephen_R; Deng, Hui (October 2022, Advanced Optical Materials)

   Abstract Semiconductor microcavities with a high quality‐factor are an important component for photonics research and technology, especially in the strong coupling regime. While van der Waals semiconductors have emerged as an interesting platform for photonics due to their strong exciton–photon interaction strength and engineering flexibility, incorporating them in photonic devices requires heterogeneous integration and remains a challenge. This study demonstrates a method to assemble high quality factor microcavities for van der Waals materials, using high reflectance top mirrors which, similar to van der Waals materials themselves, can be nondestructively and reliably peeled off the substrate and transferred onto the rest of the device. Microcavities are created with quality factors consistently above 2000 and up to 11000 ± 800; and the strong coupling regime is demonstrated. The method can be generalized to other types of heterogeneously integrated photonic structures and will facilitate research on cavity quantum electrodynamic and photonic systems using van der Waals materials. 

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