Title: An Emerging Theory of School-Based Participatory Science
Participatory science conducted in formal K–12 settings has many benefits, including the potential to engage teachers and students authentically in the scientific enterprise and to make learning more meaningful. Despite these benefits and others, school-based participatory science (SBPS) is not widespread. In this essay, we put forth a theory of SBPS that is emerging from a four-year study of efforts to integrate participatory science in elementary classrooms. The theory captures the complexity of SBPS and describes factors that shape the experience teachers and students have with participatory science. First, we describe the landscape of SBPS. Second, we describe our study and the data we have collected on teachers’ efforts to implement SBPS. Next, we describe the emerging theory and illustrate it with vignettes constructed from our data. Finally, we discuss recommendations for participatory science projects that wish to gain a foothold in K–12 classrooms and for research that can further test the theory of SBPS. more »« less
Carrier, S; Scharen, D; Hayes, M; Smith, P; Goforth, C; Craven, L; Sachs, L
(, Electronic journal for research in science mathematics education)
Feille, K; Pleasants, J; Velasco, R
(Ed.)
Science instruction in elementary school provides a base for student understanding of the natural world, yet policies prioritizing mathematics and reading have marginalized science. In response, some teachers have enhanced their science instruction by introducing students to participatory science (PS) projects. Using data from a larger study that examines the development of educative support materials for two existing PS projects, this embedded mixed methods study focuses on teachers’ and students’ experiences learning outdoors. We compare teachers’ weekly log data, surveys, interviews, observations, and student focus groups to document teachers’ applications of PS in their science classrooms and outdoors. Teachers report benefits (e.g., purposeful science learning) and challenges (e.g., time constraints, testing pressure) of implementing outdoor PS projects. Teacher and student data document cognitive and affective benefits of students’ participation. Implications support the potential for PS projects that include schoolyard activities to supplement elementary science teaching and learning.
Holstein, Kenneth; Aleven, Vincent
(, AI Magazine)
Abstract Recent work has explored how complementary strengths of humans and artificial intelligence (AI) systems might be productively combined. However, successful forms of human–AI partnership have rarely been demonstrated in real‐world settings. We present the iterative design and evaluation of Lumilo, smart glasses that help teachers help their students in AI‐supported classrooms by presenting real‐time analytics about students’ learning, metacognition, and behavior. Results from a field study conducted in K‐12 classrooms indicate that students learn more when teachers and AI tutors work together during class. We discuss implications of this research for the design of human–AI partnerships. We argue for more participatory approaches to research and design in this area, in which practitioners and other stakeholders are deeply, meaningfully involved throughout the process. Furthermore, we advocate for theory‐building and for principled approaches to the study of human–AI decision‐making in real‐world contexts.
Katuka, Gloria Ashiya; Chakraburty, Srijita; Lee, Hyejeong; Dhama, Sunny; Earle-Randell, Toni; Celepkolu, Mehmet; Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth; Glazewski, Krista; Hmelo-Silver, Cindy; Mcklin, Tom
(, Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE))
With the increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, there is a growing need to integrate natural language processing (NLP) into K-12 education to better prepare young learners for the future AI landscape. NLP, a sub-field of AI that serves as the foundation of LLMs and many advanced AI applications, holds the potential to enrich learning in core subjects in K-12 classrooms. In this experience report, we present our efforts to integrate NLP into science classrooms with 98 middle school students across two US states, aiming to increase students’ experience and engagement with NLP models through textual data analyses and visualizations. We designed learning activities, developed an NLP-based interactive visualization platform, and facilitated classroom learning in close collaboration with middle school science teachers. This experience report aims to contribute to the growing body of work on integrating NLP into K-12 education by providing insights and practical guidelines for practitioners, researchers, and curriculum designers.
Ni, Lijun; McKlin, Tom; Hao, Han; Baskin, Jake; Bohrer, Jason; Tian, Yan
(, ICER 2021: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research)
null
(Ed.)
Motivation: Recent efforts to expand K-12 computer science education highlight the great need for well-prepared computer science (CS) teachers. Teacher identity theory offers a particular conceptual lens for us to understand computer science teacher preparation and professional development. The emerging literature suggests that teacher identity is central to sustaining motivation, efficacy, job satisfaction, and commitment, and these attributes are crucial in determining teacher retention. While the benefits associated with a strong sense of teacher identity are great, teachers face unique challenges and tensions in developing their professional identity for teaching computer science. Objectives: This exploratory study attempts to operationalize computer science teacher identity through discussing the potential domains, proposing and testing a quantitative instrument for assessing computer science teachers’ professional identity. Method: We first discussed the potential domains of computer science teacher identity based on recent teacher identity literature and considerations on some unique challenges for computer science teachers. Then we proposed the computer science teacher identity scale, which was piloted through a national K-12 computer science teacher survey with 3,540 completed responses. The survey results were analyzed with a series of factor analyses to test the internal structure of the computer science teacher identity scale. Results: Our analyses reveal a four-factor solution for the computer science teacher identity scale, which is composed of CS teaching commitment, CS pedagogical confidence, confidence to engage students, and sense of community/belonging. There were significant differences among the teachers with different computer science teaching experiences. In general, teachers with more computer science teaching experience had higher computer science teacher identity scores on all four factors. Discussion: The four-factor model along with a large national dataset invites a deeper analysis of the data and can provide important benchmarks. Such an instrument can be used to explore developmental patterns in computer science teacher identity, and function as a pedagogical tool to provoke discussion and reflection among teachers about their professional development. This study may also contribute to understanding computer science teachers’ professional development needs and inform efforts to prepare, develop, and retain computer science teachers.
Wu, S.; Peel, A.; Bain, C.; Anton, G.; Horn, M.; Wilensky, U.
(, Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Thinking Education 2020)
Kong, S.C.
(Ed.)
This work aims to help high school STEM teachers integrate computational thinking (CT) into their classrooms by engaging teachers as curriculum co-designers. K-12 teachers who are not trained in computer science may not see the value of CT in STEM classrooms and how to engage their students in computational practices that reflect the practices of STEM professionals. To this end, we developed a 4-week professional development workshop for eight science and mathematics high school teachers to co-design computationally enhanced curriculum with our team of researchers. The workshop first provided an introduction to computational practices and tools for STEM education. Then, teachers engaged in co-design to enhance their science and mathematics curricula with computational practices in STEM. Data from surveys and interviews showed that teachers learned about computational thinking, computational tools, coding, and the value of collaboration after the professional development. Further, they were able to integrate multiple computational tools that engage their students in CT-STEM practices. These findings suggest that teachers can learn to use computational practices and tools through workshops, and that teachers collaborating with researchers in co-design to develop computational enhanced STEM curriculum may be a powerful way to engage students and teachers with CT in K-12 classrooms.
Smith, P Sean, Goforth, Christine L, Carrier, Sarah J, Hayes, Meredith L, and Safley, Sarah E. An Emerging Theory of School-Based Participatory Science. Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10564608. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 10.1 Web. doi:10.5334/cstp.755.
Smith, P Sean, Goforth, Christine L, Carrier, Sarah J, Hayes, Meredith L, & Safley, Sarah E. An Emerging Theory of School-Based Participatory Science. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 10 (1). Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10564608. https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.755
Smith, P Sean, Goforth, Christine L, Carrier, Sarah J, Hayes, Meredith L, and Safley, Sarah E.
"An Emerging Theory of School-Based Participatory Science". Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 10 (1). Country unknown/Code not available: Ubiquity Press. https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.755.https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10564608.
@article{osti_10564608,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {An Emerging Theory of School-Based Participatory Science},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10564608},
DOI = {10.5334/cstp.755},
abstractNote = {Participatory science conducted in formal K–12 settings has many benefits, including the potential to engage teachers and students authentically in the scientific enterprise and to make learning more meaningful. Despite these benefits and others, school-based participatory science (SBPS) is not widespread. In this essay, we put forth a theory of SBPS that is emerging from a four-year study of efforts to integrate participatory science in elementary classrooms. The theory captures the complexity of SBPS and describes factors that shape the experience teachers and students have with participatory science. First, we describe the landscape of SBPS. Second, we describe our study and the data we have collected on teachers’ efforts to implement SBPS. Next, we describe the emerging theory and illustrate it with vignettes constructed from our data. Finally, we discuss recommendations for participatory science projects that wish to gain a foothold in K–12 classrooms and for research that can further test the theory of SBPS.},
journal = {Citizen Science: Theory and Practice},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
author = {Smith, P Sean and Goforth, Christine L and Carrier, Sarah J and Hayes, Meredith L and Safley, Sarah E},
}
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