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{"Abstract":["BSE mosaics of mushes and experimental products.\n\nAbstract: "We conducted experiments to study melt migration in crystal-rich mushes, with application to magma ascent within transcrustal magma reservoirs. Mushes with crystal volume fractions of 0.59 to 0.83 were prepared by hot-pressing crushed borosilicate glass mixed with different amounts quartz sand particles. Each experimental sample comprises stacked disks of mush and soda-lime glass, a proxy for crystal-free magma. Samples were subjected to confining pressures of 100 to 300 MPa and a temperature of 900°C (above the glass transition temperatures of the borosilicate and soda-lime glasses) for up to 6 h. The bottom and circumference of the mush and soda lime disks experience the confining pressure, but the top of the mush disks are at room pressure, resulting in a pore-pressure gradient across the mush layer. Following cooling and decompression, we determined the area fraction and morphology of soda-lime melt that migrated into the mush layer during experiments. Melt fraction is more strongly correlated to crystal fraction than pore-pressure gradient, increasing with crystal fraction before sharply decreasing as crystal fractions exceed 0.8. This change at 0.8 coincides with the transition from crystals in the mush moving during soda-lime migration to crystals forming a continuous rigid network. In our experiments, melt migration occurred by viscous fingering, but near the mobile-to-rigid transition, melt migration is enhanced by additional capillary action. Our results indicate that magma migration may peak when rigid mushes \u201cunlock\u201d to become mobile. This transition may mark an increase in magma migration, a potential precursor to volcanic unrest and eruption."\n\nImaging: "Transverse sections cut from the top and/or bottom of the vacuum hot-pressed mushes were polished, carbon-coated, and imaged in BSE mode using the JEOL JXA-8530FPlus Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) at UMN (15 kV, 10 nA). About ten 50x magnification images were taken per sample and then compiled into BSE mosaics using Affinity Designer. The different compositions of the borosilicate glass and crystalline materials are distinguishable by greyscale in BSE images. [...] Following each experiment, sample assemblies were cut longitudinally along the cylindrical axis to produce sections for microstructural analysis. Scored samples (pHi-19s, Int-20s, Lo-21s) were cut again to produce sections tangential to the sample cylinder. Cut sections were vacuum impregnated with EpoFix resin and hand-polished on diamond lapping film from 30 to 0.5 μm grit. Polished and carbon-coated samples were imaged in BSE mode in the EPMA at UMN (15 kV, 10 nA). The different compositions of the soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and crystalline materials are distinguishable by greyscale in BSE images. Twenty to forty 50x magnification images were taken per sample and then compiled into sample-scale BSE mosaics using Affinity Designer.""]}
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Borosilicate glass with low dielectric loss and low permittivity for 5G/6G electronic packaging applications
A phase-separated borosilicate glass, with a relative permittivity ranging from 3 to 3.5 and a loss tangent as low as 5.6 × 10−4, is presented for packaging applications for the next generation of mobile communications. Ionic polarizability for each borosilicate composition was calculated from the Clausius–Mossotti relationship for both the vitreous and crystalline structures, and the polarizability difference between the two is proportional to the dielectric loss. Small amounts of alkali modifier were added to improve the glass processability, and the loss tangent increased to the 1–7 × 10−3 range. The resulting glass is phase-separated, which has no impact in the millimeter-wave spectrum, as the wavelengths are considerably greater than the length scale of each immiscible phase.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1841453
- PAR ID:
- 10567294
- Publisher / Repository:
- AIP Advances
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- AIP Advances
- Volume:
- 14
- Issue:
- 11
- ISSN:
- 2158-3226
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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