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Abstract Aquatic heatwaves are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration worldwide. While increases in mean water temperatures are linked to enhanced phytoplankton biomass, it is unclear how heatwaves alter phytoplankton dynamics in lakes at an ecosystem scale. We investigated changes in surface chlorophyll during 29 summer heatwaves between 2008 and 2019 in 3 north temperate lakes. These lakes vary in staining and were either references or manipulated with nutrients and top predator additions. The manipulations provided a variety of nutrient, grazing, and light conditions during heatwave and non‐heatwave conditions. Surface chlorophyll concentrations increased during 24 out of 29 heatwaves. In the low‐nutrient reference lake the mean increase in chlorophyll was 57% while in the two experimental lakes the mean increases were 127% and 183%. Overall, the effects of the whole‐lake experiments were variable but still provided context for possible patterns amid a diverse set of food web and nutrient conditions.
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Multidecadal Time Series of Measured Chlorophyll-a in Lakes and Estuarine-Coastal Ecosystems, 1966-2024
The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll-a is a commonly measured index of phytoplankton biomass and water quality across all aquatic ecosystem types. Some monitoring and research programs have sustained chlorophyll-a measurements for decades at monthly or higher frequency. Each of these time series is an invaluable record of phytoplankton variability at a particular location. The patterns of that variability have been essential for identifying the underlying processes of phytoplankton change at time scales of days, months, seasons, years and decades. Multidecadal series are rare and valuable because they provide empirical records of phytoplankton changes over the recent decades of unprecedented global change. These records also provide an empirical basis for comparing patterns and rates of change across geographic regions and ecosystem types. This data package contains multidecadal time series of measured chlorophyll-a concentration in three ecosystem types: 134 freshwater lakes (including a small number of reservoirs) that do not freeze; 78 high latitude lakes that do freeze; and 176 coastal ecosystems defined as water bodies where freshwater and seawater mix, including estuaries, coastal bays and lagoons, tidal rivers, and the Baltic Sea. Although there are other published compilations of chlorophyll-a time series, this package was compiled specifically to report observations made at monthly or higher frequency and sustained over multiple decades. The mean time series duration in this package is 33 years, and the mean number of sampling dates per site was 503 (range 186 to 2381). Thus, this data package provides an empirical basis for analyses to measure and compare decadal-scale patterns and rates of phytoplankton biomass variability between inland lakes and water bodies at the land-ocean interface. All chl-a measurements reported here were accessed from published repositories, except these four sites. We acknowledge and thank the following data providers for permission to include data from their study sites in this package: - Bahía Blanca, Argentina: Valeria Ana Guinder, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO) Consejo, Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Neuse River Estuary US: Hans W. Paerl, Departments of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Institute of Marine Sciences - Lake Tahoe US: S. Geoffrey Schladow and Shohei Watabe, Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California, Davis - Experimental Lakes, Canada: Sonya Havens and Chris Hay, IISD Experimental Lakes Area, Org ID: https://ror.org/05revcs89, Email: eladata@iisd-ela.org, Online URL: https://www.iisd.org/ela/ Each time series in this data package resulted from heroic investments of time and resources and an unwavering commitment to repeated observations to reveal patterns and understand processes of changes in our aquatic ecosystems. This data package is an homage to those heroes. Each observational program is listed and acknowledged in the file MetadataTable Sampling Locations.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2025982
- PAR ID:
- 10574245
- Publisher / Repository:
- Environmental Data Initiative
- Date Published:
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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