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As the demand for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions grows, the integration of advanced nanomaterials has become a focal point in enhancing membrane technologies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current state of research on Ti3C2Tx MXenes, highlighting their unique properties, the challenges they address, and the potential they hold for MXene-enhanced biofiltration-membrane systems. The perspective systematically examines how Ti3C2Tx MXenes, with their exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and tunable surface chemistry, can be integrated into biofiltration-membrane systems to improve key performance metrics such as water flux, contaminant rejection, and fouling resistance. Various processes, including biofiltration, adsorption, and nanofiltration, are discussed, where Ti3C2Tx MXenes have been shown to have a potential application. In addition to synthesizing existing literature, experimental validations are presented that demonstrate how MXene incorporation can alter membrane morphology and structure, leading to improved antibacterial properties and enhanced overall performance. These findings underscore the transformative potential of Ti3C2Tx MXenes in developing next-generation biofiltration-membrane technologies that are not only more efficient but also more sustainable. Through this perspective, the key challenges that remain, such as cost implications and long-term stability, are identified, and future research directions are proposed to address these issues. This in-depth analysis highlights the critical role MXenes can play in advancing water treatment technologies, particularly in the context of water reuse, and encourages further interdisciplinary research in this rapidly evolving field.
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This content will become publicly available on April 1, 2026
Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Hybrid Photocatalysts in Organic Dye Degradation: A Review
This review provides an overview of the fabrication methods for Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts and evaluates their role in degrading organic dye pollutants. Ti3C2Tx MXene has emerged as a promising material for hybrid photocatalysts due to its high metallic conductivity, excellent hydrophilicity, strong molecular adsorption, and efficient charge transfer. These properties facilitate faster charge separation and minimize electron–hole recombination, leading to exceptional photodegradation performance, long-term stability, and significant attention in dye degradation applications. Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts significantly improve dye degradation efficiency, as evidenced by higher percentage degradation and reduced degradation time compared to conventional semiconducting materials. This review also highlights computational techniques employed to assess and enhance the performance of Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts for dye degradation. It identifies the challenges associated with Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hybrid photocatalyst research and proposes potential solutions, outlining future research directions to address these obstacles effectively.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2122044
- PAR ID:
- 10582790
- Publisher / Repository:
- MDPI
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Molecules
- Volume:
- 30
- Issue:
- 7
- ISSN:
- 1420-3049
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1463
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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