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Abstract Lightweight energy storage devices are essential for developing compact wearable and distributed electronics, and additive manufacturing offers a scalable, low‐cost approach to fabricating such devices with complex geometries. However, additive manufacturing of high‐performance, on‐demand energy storage devices remains challenging due to the need for stable, multifunctional nanomaterial inks. Herein, the development of 2‐dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3C2TxMXene) ink that is compatible with aerosol jet printing for energy storage applications is demonstrated. The developed MXene ink demonstrates long‐term chemical and physical stability, ensuring consistent printability and achieving high‐resolution prints (≈45 µm width lines) with minimal overspray. The high‐resolution aerosol‐jet printed MXene supercapacitor achieves an areal capacitance of 122 mF cm−2and a volumetric capacitance of 611 F cm−3, placing them among the highest‐performing printed supercapacitors reported to date. These findings highlight the potential of aerosol jet printing with MXene inks for on‐demand, scalable, and cost‐effective fabrication of printed electronic and electrochemical devices.
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Transforming scalable synthesis of graphene aerosol gel material toward highly flexible and wide-temperature tolerant printed micro-supercapacitors
The ever-growing demand for portable, bendable, twistable, and wearable microelectronics operating in a wide temperature range has stimulated an immense interest in the development of solid-state flexible energy storage devices using scalable fabrication technology. Herein, we developed additively manufactured graphene aerosol gel-based all-solid-state micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) via inkjet printing with functioning temperature in the range from −15 to +70 °C and exhibiting a super-stable and reliable electrochemical performance using interdigitated finger electrodes and PVA/H3PO4 solid-state electrolyte. The graphene aerosol gel was obtained using a scalable single step synthesis method from a gas phase precursor using a detonation process, producing a nanoscale shell type structure. The fabricated graphene aerosol gel-based solid-state MSC achieved a volumetric capacitance of 376.63 mF cm−3 (areal capacitance of 76.23 μF cm−2) at a constant current of 0.25 μA and demonstrated exceptional cyclic stability (∼99.6% of capacitance retention) over 10 000 cycles. To exploit the mechanical strength of the as-fabricated graphene aerosol gel-based solid-state MSC, its supercapacitive performance was scrutinized under various bending and twisting angles and the results showed excellent mechanical flexibility. Furthermore, to study the electrochemical performance of the as-fabricated graphene aerosol gel solid-state MSC in stringent surroundings, a broad temperature dependent supercapacitive analysis was performed as stated above. The electrochemical results of the as-fabricated graphene aerosol gel based all-solid-state MSC exhibit a highly potential route to develop scalable and authentic future miniaturized energy storage devices for IoT based smart electronic appliances.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1935676
- PAR ID:
- 10591232
- Editor(s):
- Lira-Cantu, Monica
- Publisher / Repository:
- AIP
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- APL Energy
- Volume:
- 2
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2770-9000
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Applied Physics Letters
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0186302
