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Wearable devices, such as smart watches and fitness trackers are growing in popularity, creating a need for application developers to adapt or extend a UI, typically from a smartphone, onto these devices. Wearables generally have a smaller form factor than a phone; thus, porting an app to the watch necessarily involves reworking the UI. An open problem is identifying best practices for adapting UIs to wearable devices. This paper contributes a study and data set of the state of practice in UI adaptation for wearables. We automatically extract UI designs from a set of 101 popular Android apps that have both a phone and watch version, and manually label how each UI element, as well as how screens in the app, are translated from the phone to the wearable. The paper identifies trends in adaptation strategies and presents design guidelines. We expect that the UI adaptation strategies identified in this paper can have wide-ranging impacts for future research and identifying best practices in this space, such as grounding future user studies that evaluate which strategies improve user satisfaction or automatically adapting UIs.
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This content will become publicly available on June 19, 2026
Urbanization indices development and use in the coastal ecological realm: a review
Human populations are moving to coastal regions at a rapid pace, and growing populations are creating large impacts on ecological systems through the development of infrastructure and resource use. Urbanization indexes (UI) are used for a wide range of purposes related to understanding how urban growth impacts both urban development and ecological systems. Most UIs are developed using different factors, and there is a lack of standardization across studies even within the same study system. We reviewed the existing literature that utilizes a UI in the context of ecological questions within coastal regions to determine their utility in assessing how ecological impacts vary across coastal environments and are useful in identifying how urban growth is affecting ecosystems and species. We found that existing variation in UI development hampers the ability to make comparisons across studies and systems. To more fully understand the impacts of urbanization we recommend that UIs used in future studies be standardized to facilitate comparisons across time and studies. We offer guidance on how this can be done.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2052246
- PAR ID:
- 10616814
- Publisher / Repository:
- Frontiers
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
- Volume:
- 13
- ISSN:
- 2296-701X
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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