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1. Bringing Design to the Privacy Table: Broadening “Design” in “Privacy by Design” Through the Lens of HCI

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300492  

   Wong, Richmond Y.; Mulligan, Deirdre K. (May 2019, CHI conference on human factors in computing systems)

   null (Ed.)

   In calls for privacy by design (PBD), regulators and privacy scholars have investigated the richness of the concept of "privacy." In contrast, "design" in HCI is comprised of rich and complex concepts and practices, but has received much less attention in the PBD context. Conducting a literature review of HCI publications discussing privacy and design, this paper articulates a set of dimensions along which design relates to privacy, including: the purpose of design, which actors do design work in these settings, and the envisioned benefciaries of design work. We suggest new roles for HCI and design in PBD research and practice: utilizing values-and critically-oriented design approaches to foreground social values and help defne privacy problem spaces.We argue such approaches, in addition to current "design to solve privacy problems" eforts, are essential to the full realization of PBD, while noting the politics involved when choosing design to address privacy. 

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2. The Design of Replication Studies

   https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.12688  

   Hedges, Larry V.; Schauer, Jacob M. (March 2021, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society)

   Abstract Empirical evaluations of replication have become increasingly common, but there has been no unified approach to doing so. Some evaluations conduct only a single replication study while others run several, usually across multiple laboratories. Designing such programs has largely contended with difficult issues about which experimental components are necessary for a set of studies to be considered replications. However, another important consideration is that replication studies be designed to support sufficiently sensitive analyses. For instance, if hypothesis tests are to be conducted about replication, studies should be designed to ensure these tests are well-powered; if not, it can be difficult to determine conclusively if replication attempts succeeded or failed. This paper describes methods for designing ensembles of replication studies to ensure that they are both adequately sensitive and cost-efficient. It describes two potential analyses of replication studies—hypothesis tests and variance component estimation—and approaches to obtaining optimal designs for them. Using these results, it assesses the statistical power, precision of point estimators and optimality of the design used by the Many Labs Project and finds that while it may have been sufficiently powered to detect some larger differences between studies, other designs would have been less costly and/or produced more precise estimates or higher-powered hypothesis tests. 

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3. Generative Design: Reframing the Role of the Designer in Early-Stage Design Process

   https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056799  

   Saadi, Jana I.; Yang, Maria C. (April 2023, Journal of Mechanical Design)

   Abstract Generative design tools empowered by recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer the opportunity for human designers and design tools to collaborate in new, more advanced modes throughout various stages of the product design process to facilitate the creation of higher performing and more complex products. This paper explores how the use of these generative design tools may impact the design process, designer behavior, and overall outcomes. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with practicing and student designers from different disciplines who use commercial generative design tools, detailing the design processes they followed. From a grounded theory-based analysis of the interviews, a provisional process diagram for generative design and its uses in the early-stage design process is proposed. The early stages of defining tool inputs bring about a constraint-driven process in which designers focus on the abstraction of the design problem. Designers will iterate through the inputs to improve both quantitative and qualitative metrics. The learning through iteration allows designers to gain a thorough understanding of the design problem and solution space. This can bring about creative applications of generative design tools in early-stage design to provide guidance for traditionally designed products. 

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4. Impact of Server Thermal Design on the Cooling Efficiency: Chassis Design

   https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042983  

   Khalili, Sadegh; Alissa, Husam; Nemati, Kourosh; Seymour, Mark; Curtis, Robert; Moss, David; Sammakia, Bahgat (September 2019, Journal of Electronic Packaging)
5. Speculation and the Design of Development

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3449195  

   Sengers, Phoebe; Williams, Kaiton; Khovanskaya, Vera (April 2021, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction)

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